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MULTUM IN PARVO.' 




liS, 



A MANUAL OF USEFE INFORMATION, 

OF ESPECIAL IMPORTANCE TO DEALERS IN 

HARDWARE, STOVES AND TINWARE, 

MACHINISTS', 
GAS-FITTERS' AND PLUMBERS' MATERIALS 

AS WELL AS THE VAEIOUS WOEXEBS IN USEFUL METALS, 

INCLUDING ALSO 

A NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL PAGES, GIVING INFORMATION OF A 

MORE GENERAL CHARACTER. 



Compiled from various sources by 




NEW YORK : 

HENRY HOPKINS & CO , 

85 Chambers St. 

1887, 



II M it* )f&7J l 






Entered accordiag to Act of Congress by Henry Hopkins & Co., in the year 1S87, in the 
Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. 



RAILS. STEELS. WIRE. 

£5 ' jl £a Jca JLk JtC JF%* JL JLa 9 9 
HEAVY RAILS, 
LIGHT RAILS, 

RAIL FASTENINGS, 

STREET RAILS. 



ADDRESS 



CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY 

218 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, or at 



GAUTIE 



STEEL SPECIALTIES 

Of Cambria Iron Company. 

Merchant Bar and Cold Rolled Steel, Plow Steel 

and Plow Shapes, Eliptical Springs, Finger 

Bars, Rake Teeth, Harrow Teeth. 

ALL KINDS O^ WIEE. 

ADDRESS 

Oautier Steel Department, 

JOHNSTOWN, PA. 

G. V. Smith, 104 Eeade Street, - - - New York, 
G. J. Ellis, 202 First National Bank Building, - Chicago. 



^ks 



INDEX TO ADVERTISERS. 



Page. 

ALTA MFG. CO.— Lamps and Lanterns 22 

AMERICAN BOLT AND SCREW CASE CO.— Revolving Cases. 90 

BARLOW BROTHERS.— Patent Shipping Blanks 80 

BISSELL CARPET SWEEPER CO.— Carpet Sweepers 26 

BROWNING, SISUM & CO.— Belt Hooks and Cotter Keys 124 

BRUCE & COOK.— Tin Plates and Metals 9* 

BUSHNELL'S PRICE BOOK.— For All Kinds of Business 15 

CAMBRIA IRON CO.— Iron and Steel Manufacturers 2 

CAMBRIDGE ROOFING CO.— Patent Roofing and Siding 88 

CHADBORNE & COLDWELL MFC. C O. -Lawn Mowers.. .;.' 136 

CHERITON HARDWARE CO.— Hat and Coat Hooks 4fl 

C P. LECCETT MFC. CO. OF N . J .-Door Knobs 56 

COXHEAD, J. F.— Combined Saw Vises and Sets... 24 

CINCINNATI CORRUGATING CO. -Iron Roofing 84 

EDWARD STORM SPRING CO.— Cannon's Nail Sets.. 24 

ELKINCTON, L. M .—Toilet Soap 72 

E. L. McCLAIN MFG. CO. ^Success Sweat Collars....... 34 

EUREKA FIREHOSE CO.— Fire and Garden Hose 86 

FULLER, BROS. & CO.— Cut Nails and Spikes...... 36 

GILBERT & BENNETT MFG. CO.— Poultry Netting and Wire Cloth.... 48 

GOULD & E BE RHARDT.— Machinery and Tools ..........;....... 98 

GRAHAM, J. H., & CO.— Manufacturers' Agents.......... ... 82 

GEORGE GRIFFITHS CO.— Shovels, Spades and Scoops 66 

GRIGGS, A. I.— Stove Boards .'. 16a 

GURNEY HOT WATER H E ATI NO CO.— Gurney Heaters.. ..Cover pp. 4 

HARTMAN STEEL CO.— Wire and Wire Nails 42 

HENRY HOPKINS Sl CO.— Publisher sand Booksellers , 30 

HOLBROOK BROTHERS.— Window Glass........ 92 

HOPKINS & DICKENSON MFC. CO.— Bronze Hardware.. Cover pp. 2 

HOTCHKISS, E. S.— Rat Killers 22 

HORTON MANUFACTURING CO.— Western Washers...... ... 72 

HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & C O. — Knight's * ' Dictionary of Mechanics "... 62 

IRON CLAD MFG. CO.- Galvanized Iron Goods 108 

IVES, HOBART B., & CO*-Patent Sash Locks 34 

JENNINGS, C. E., & CO.— Auger Bitsin Boxes.............. ......... 54 

JOHNSTON, H. M.— Standard Kalsomine 28 

JONES OF BINGHAMTON. -Scales 32 

KAMPFE BROS'<-" Star "Safety Razors , 106 

LANE MFG. CO.— Barn-Door Hangers and Rail ,../ 60 

LOCK SEAM ELBOW MFC. CO.— "Daisy" Dustpans, etc 52 

MALTBY, HENLEY & CO.-Gian* Nail-Pullers :...... 38 

MASON, JAS. W., JR.— Dog Collars, and Skates 36 

MCWHINNIE, TH OS. -Wheelbarrows 134 

MITCHELL, E. S., & CO. -Leather Washers 46 

MONTGOMERY St, CO.— Mechanics' and Jewelers' Supplies 46 

MYER, WM. P. -Rain Water Cut-Off 84 

NORTHAMPTON CUTLERY C O. -Table Cutlery... 18 

NEW YORK ELBOW CO.— Roasters and Bakers, and Elbows ....^... 102 

PACKER, C. W.—Ice-Cream Freezers 16 

PARKIN, W. H.— Emery Knife -.Sharpeners 08 

PERIN & CAFF MFG. CO. -Counter and Heel-Stiffeners 142 

3 



TO HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS. 

THE "NEAR-BY" EDITION FOR 1888-9 of 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



The next Edition of this Popular Advertising Medium will be the "Near-By> 
for X 888-9, which will be published about April 1, 1888, and consist for the first 
time of 

10,000 copies; 

which upon publication will be distributed gratuitously among 6000 Dealers 
classed as " HARDWARE » and 4000 Dealers classed as " STOVES, TIN » and 
" HOUSE-FURNISHING," in the following "NEAR-BY" States; Maine, 

New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Con- 
necticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland. 
TERMS FOR ADVERTISING- : 

TWENTY DOLLAKS A PAGE. 

(Half Pages, Half Price.) 
PAYABLE UPON PUBLICATION. 

The Publishers of this original medium for reaching the Hardware Trade 
are practical salesmen with a continuous New York experience of 30 years con- 
nection with the business, which warrants the assurance that the manufacturers ' 
whose patronage is bestowed upon "HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES" may 
ultimately receive, even through the efforts of the publishers alone, a sufficient 
remuneration to more than compensate them for the nominal outlay Incurred in 
the advertising solicited. 

ft Trade Journals," reaching only a limited number of actual subscribers, 
are not alone desirable mediums for advertising. In our publication we promise 
that a copy will reach the hands of every dealer In " Hardware " i n the States 
mentioned who possesses a commercial rating; and the thoroughness of such a 
canvass in a publication like ours, which Is never thrown away, can readily be- 
understood by intelligent advertisers. 

Every secon^yearonly we publish an Edition to be sent gratuitously 
through the snjneStates: so that for the ensuing twoyears advertisers may 
feel assured their announcements will be within reach, on the desks of 

TEN THOUSAND DEALERS 
whose patronage they are desirous of obtaining. 

In estimating the value of this high-class circulation, remember it goes 
only t o business men or firms, and differing entirely from a newspaper, l» 
always .retained and suspended for ready reference beside the desk of the 
recipient. Yours truly, 

HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 

85 ChambersfSt., New York. 



INDEX TO ADVERTISERS-Continued. 

Page. 
QUACKENBUSH, TOWNSEND & CO. -Hardware Merchants*, ,.,..... 6 

RANSOM SL WELLS.— <>as and Steam Fittings :.'. 30 

RAYMOND LEAD CO-— Compressed Lead Sash Weights d8 

READING HARDWARE CO.— Locks and General Hardware 50 

ROEBUCK, S-— Window Screens and Weather Strips 78 

ROGERS FENCE CO-— " Superior "Lawn Mowers 7* 

RICHARDSON BROS.-Saws of all kinds 70 

ROMER & C O .—Padlocks, Lanterns, etc 104 

ROSE, WM., SL BROS.— Masons' and Plasterers' Tools/. ... 32 

S A XT O N - Sl OSGOOD -—Braces and Specialties 68 

SCHENCK'S ADJUSTABLE FIRE BACK CO. -Stove Repairs 80 

SCHOLLHORN, WM., & CO-— "Star" Scissors and Shears 20 

SHRIVER, T., A CO. -Letter Presses 58 

SNELL MFG. CO.— Ship Augers and Bits 62 

STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL CO.-Improved Carpenters' Tools 144 

TERRY MFG. CO.— Barn-Door Hangers and Rail 48 

THOMAS, R. B.— u Cooks'" Carriage Wrenches 108 

TOWNSEND, W. P., & CO.-Rivets of all kinds 80 

TRAVE RS BROS. — " Peerless " Sash Cords and Twines 64 

UNION NUT CO.— Bolts, Nuts and Washers 76 

WESTERN FILE CO.— Files of all kinds- 68 

WESTERVELT, A. B. A W. T.— Ornamental Iron Works 132 

WILEY & RUSSELL MFC. CO. -Blacksmiths' Tools 40 

WISS, J., & SONS.— Tailors' Shears and Scissors 56 



NEW PAGES 

(Not in Any Previous SOUTHERN or WESTERN EDITION). 



Pack. 

SIMPLE METHOD OF CALCULATING INTEREST 23 

EXTRA PRICES ON STEEL WIRE NAILS. 39 

APPROXIMATE NO. OF " " " IN A POUND « 

ILLUSTRATED PACE " " " M 4S 

TABLE OF STANDARD " " " 4* 

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WIRE GAUGE IN U. S « 

TABLES OF DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS « 

TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND COST OF BARBED FENCE WIRE 57 

WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF CORDAGE, AC 65 

REGULAR STANDARD SIZES OF FILES 69 

BUILDERS' REFERENCE. TABLES, &C 39 

ROOFING SLATE INFORMATION 91 

RULES FOR COMPUTING WEIGHTS OF METALS, &C 107 

RECIPES FOR SOFT AND HARD SOLDERS 99 

EXTRA PRICES ON SPECIAL SIZES OF BAR IRON, SlC. 115 

WORKSHOP RECIPES FOR VARIOUS CEMENTS 130 

POWDER, SAFETY FUSE AND DYNAMITE 133 

COMMON NAMES OF VARIOUS CHEMICALS 139 



The Goods produced by any of the Hardware Manufac- 
turers Represented in this Publication can be procured 
at the Manufacturers' Lowest Prices, by sending 
your Orders to this address : 



P. O. Box 2585, 
NEW YORK. 



REPRESENTING 



QUACKENBU£H, JoWJ^EJMD o> £o., 

Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in 

HABBWABK 



AQENTS FOR 



Norwich Lock Manufacturing Co. 

DEPOT FOE 

' "WideSwkke" Sxe^, 
f{oti£l\ ki\d I{ek4y, ki\d 

$ilyef dli$><pef jSdythe^, 



ATiTi TArA.E.n^.nsrTEiD. 



85 Chambers and 67 Reade Streets, 

HEW "STORK. 



PREFACE 



This Publication lias received at all hands a cordial welcome 
and grateful preservation* The contents represent months of re- 
search and solicitatio2i, of patient observation and incessant 
labor; and although the ^ook was originally compiled for Per- 
sonal use, the Knowledge that it would be found useful to EVERY 
dealer in Hardware and metals, has caused its publication and ex- 
tended distribution under the advertising patronage oil so many 
Representative Houses* 

Its future value can only be assured by making those Ad- 
vertisers believe that it fills its mission of usefulness* and is kept 
by the dealer who receives it, and who, in his quest for infor- 
mation corresponds with its many Advertisers, asking them for 
Catalogues and quotations ; at the same time increasing the value 
of "Handy Notes and Queries*" by stating it was among its pages 
the advertisement was seen which suggested the application* 

The necessity for a Handy Book of Reference similar to this 
has been manifest for a great many years ; and that such a compil- 
ation would prove of undoubted utility, has been of ten experienced 
by dealers in the various articles to which this work refers* 

It is no doubt true that many books have been already pub- 
lished, which* singly or collectively, contain nearly all the items of 
information carefully embodied in this, but most of them are 
works of limited circulation, not readily obtained, and frequently 
costing a price that places them beyond the reach of many dealers 
most apt to need the information* 

This work has been compiled from a multitude of sources with 
a great degree of care, and the information herein contained will 
be found quite reliable, and from the scarcity of similar publica- 
tions, should naturally recommend its careful preservation* * 

By comparison with Haswell, Trautwine and other author- 
ities, these tables will be more easily understood by practical 
mechanics, and consequently found susceptible of an immediate 
simple demonstration without going thro' prescribed forms of 
computation, natural enough to those whose education has been 
of a technical character, but thoroughly bewildering to most of 
us who have " risen from the ranks*" 

Wherever possible I have refrained from following the 4i Mas- 
well" method of expressing all sizes by decimal notation; think- 
ing it simpler to say 3-16, instead of *1875 ; 5-16, instead of .3125; 
Arc, the desired information being more easily obtained without 
the necessity of using mentally an unfamiliar process of reduction. 

I!ly principal object has been to be of some service to those 
following my own business, feeling confident from the assistance 
I have myself so frequently received, by having these "Haiidy 
IYotes" within reach will also be appreciated by them* Thus 
they may often save many moments of anxious worry over 
unexpected problems that may occur in every day work* 

H. H, 



WEE, <Sc 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

SPECIALTIESZHARDWARE 

NOS. 95 CHAMBERS ST. & 77 READE ST. 

CHAPLIN'S 

Iron and Wood Bottom 

Patent Engineer's Wrenches, 





CHAMPION SCREW-DRIVERS. 





SOLE MANUFACTURERS 



STEPHENS PATENT 

VISES. 

Brass andiron and Scandinavian 
PADLOCKS, 
Police Equipments, Lanterns, &c. Qt**$0 




CONTENTS. 



Page. 
ACCEPTANCES.— Rules regarding them 21 

ALLOYS-— Composition of various kinds 129 

" Specific gravity of 4< " 129 

AMERICAN GRADES OF EMERY. -Cloth and Paper 85 

ANCHORS.— Size required for Ship's Tonnage , 65 

APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. -Table of 31 

ARTESIAN WELL TUBES.— Weight and dimensions of 112 

ATLAS POWDER.— Marks, qualities and how packed 153 

" Size of cartridges and weight in ounces....... .. .. 133 

AVOIRDUPOIS WEICHT.-Tableof 31 

AXES, BENCH.— Standard cut of each No 73 

BAR IRON.— Flat, weight to foot 116-117 

' * Round, weight to foot 118 

*' Square, weight to foot 119 

Extra prices for each size . 115 

STEEL .—Flat, weight to foot 127 

* ' Round, Square and Octagon, weight to foot 128 

BRASS.— Weight to foot I..................... 103 

COPPER.— Weight to foot 103 

L E AD .—Weight to foot ..:....... . 77 

BARBED WIRE.— Table of Weights and Measurements 57 

BILLS OF EXCHANGE explained 21 

BLOCKS, TACKLE.— Diam. of sheaves and size of rope taken.". ... . 67 

BOILER TUBES.— Lap welded; weight and dimensions 112 

IRON . — Legal thickness required and pressure allowed. 123 

u " Weight of , to square foot ~ .' 123 

" RIVETS.— No. in 100 pounds .................. 123 

BOLTS, MACHINE. -No. to 100 pounds 125 

BRASS WIRE.-WeightoflOOfeet , 55 

KETTLES.— Weight and capacity of each size 88 

M TUBING.— Weight per foot 113 

SHE E T.— Heavy, weight to square f oot. '. 103 

P L AT ES.— Weight to square foot . 105 

BRAZED COPPER PIPES.-Weight to foot 113 

BRAZIERS' RIVETS.— Number in a pound 87 

BUTTS, BRASS.— Width when open and screws required 85 

CAST.— Screws required for each size 83 

WROUGHT.— Screws required for each size 83 

BUILDERS' REFERENCE TAB LE. -Size of sashes, etc. 89 

BUSINESS LAWS in daily use ............ ........17-19 

BUTCHER KNIVES.— Wilson's, length of each No ...V 75 

CAPS, PERCUSSION.— Eley's "E. B." consecutive numbering 75 

CAPACITY OF FREIGHT CARS M 

CASTERS, BED AND PLATE.-Size of wheels, .,./ ........ 78 

C E M E N T. - To harden quickly \ ........ 1 131 

For leather belting , 131 

For Annealing Boxes 130 

4 ' Gas Ketorts . . ." 1 .' .' . .' 130 

" Broken Iron Vessels 139 

" Closing Stove Doors . . 130 

" Filling Faults in Castings 139 



CONTENTS-Continued. 

Page. 

CEMENT, RUST.-Forlron 130 

" FIRE-PROOF 130 

CHAINS, COIL-— Wei g^t of Common and Proved to foot 63 

' ' Strength of Tested 63 

" GERMAIN-— Wire Gauge, weight and strength., 63 

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES expressed by Common Names 139 

CIRCULAR SAWS. — Standard Gauges and Directions in Ordering 71 

CISTERNS, TANKS, RESERVOIRS.-Capacityof m 

COAL SCRE ENS.— Mesh required by dealers 61 

COMMON NAMES for Chemical Substances 139 

CO P ARTN E RSH I PS.— Legal requirements of 21 

CO P P E R, SH E ET.— Standard sizes and weight of eaeh sheet 101 

" " Weight to square foot 101 

" " Heavy, weight to square foot 101 

" PLATES.— Weight to square foot 105 

44 SHEATHING.— Weight per sheet and number to case 139 

44 WIRE.— Weight to 100 feet.. 55 

44 RIVETS AND BURS.— dumber of each size in pound 87 

44 PIPES.— Weight to foot 113 

44 TUBING.— Weight to foot 113 

C OR DAG E.— Number of pounds to the foot 65 

* ' Approximate weight and strength 65 

CORUNDUM.— Grades of fineness of each number 85 

COTTERS, SPRING.— Sizes, dimensions and uses of each 125 

CROSS TIES. — Number required to mile of track 141 

CROWBARS.— Weight and dimensions of each size 73 

CUBIC MEASURE. -Table of 33 

CUT NAILS.— Length and number of each in pound 37 

** " Extra cost of special sizes 37 

44 SPIKES.— Number of each in a keg 37 

* * TAC KS.— Length and number of each in pound 37 

DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS for parts of an inch 47 

" J* " " "millimeters 47 

DRAFTS AND ACCEPTANCES.-Rules regarding them 21 

DRAIN PIPE.— Practical rule for laying 131 

DRAWN TUBING.-Seamless, weight {to foot 113 

DRY MEASURE.-Tableof 33 

EMERY.— Grade of fineness of each number 85 

PAPER AND CLOTH.-Comparative grading 85 

EXCHANGE, FOREIGN. -Value of explained. 21 

EXTRA PRICES for CutNails and Spikes 37 

44 ** "Wire" t4 " 39 

-i '* " special sizes of Bar Iron 115 

FENCE POSTS.— How to prepare 131 

FENCE WIRE, BARBED.— Weight and dimensions of. 57 

FILES.— Standard length, width and thickness 69 

FREIGHT CARS.-Capacityof 141 

FRY PANS.— Dimensions of each No 67 

FUSE, S AF ET Y.— Qualities and quantities 133 

44 " Quantity usually packed in a barrel 133 

GAS PIPE, WELBED.— Weight and dimensions of 112 

GALVANIZED SHEET IRON.-Weight to square foot, etc 109, 

GAUGES, WIRE.— American and English compared 128. 



(0 



CONTENTS-Continued. 

Page. 

GAUGES, WIRE-— Brown & Sharp's 45 

* * Birmingham or Stubs' 45 

* ' Washburn & Moen's 45 

" Trenton Iron Co 45 

" O. W. Prentiss' 45 

M ■ 'Old English "from Brass Mfrs.' List 45 

" STUBS', expressed in partsof an inch 101 

GERMAN COIL CHAIN. —Wire Gauge, strength and weight to 100 feet 63 

GLASS, WINDOW. —Number of panes in a box 93 

GRINDSTONE S .— How to obtain the weight of 65 

GUN GAUGE, ENGLISH.— Expressed infractions of an inch. 73 

HARD SOLDERS an ^ process for making 99 

HATCH ETS.— Standard length of cut of each No 73 

HATTERS' SIZES. -Table of 75 

HINGES, STRAP AND T.— Sizes of screws required 83 

" " Weight of dozen, of heavy sizes 83 

HOOP IRON.— Number of feet in bundle 114 

HORSE SHOES.— Weight of each size 79 

" SHOE NAILS.— Length and number in a pound of each size 79 

INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS at various costs 25 

I NTE R EST.— Simple method of calculating 23 

' ' Periods of time at which money doubles 23 

" R U L ES.— For various percentages 25 

IRON, BAND.— Number of feet in bundle 119 

IRON, BOILER .—Weight to square foot 123 

' ' Legal thickness and pressure required 123 

FLAT.— Weight to running foot 116-117 

' * Number of feet in a bundle 118 

ROUND .—Weight to running foot 118 

SQUARE.- " " " '-■ 119 

HOOP AND SCROLL.— Number of feet in bundle..... 114 

ROUND AND SQUARE.- " " " " " 119 

R Al LS. — Amount required for mile of track 131 

SHEET AND P LAT E .-Weight to square foot 122 

" RUSSIA.— Weight to square foot and per sheet 110 

" <4 Wire Gauge and number compared 110 

" AMERICAN.— Wire Gauge, weight and size in current use. 127 

" GALVANIZED.— Weight per sheet and square foot 109 

" " Price per square foot at various disc'nts. 109 

TIRE, IN SETS.— Number of pounds in 54 feet 120 

VALUE TO TON, at lOths of a cent variation 114 

WIRE • — Gauge, Diameter and Breaking Strain 49 

' ' Length in a bundle and 1 cwt • 49 

* * Weight of 100 yards and 1 mile 49 

Sizes expressed in fractions of an inch 49 

" M "decimals " " " 61 

KETTLES, BRASS.-Weight and capacity of 87 

LAP WELDED TUBES.— Sizes and dimensions of 112 

LAWS, BUS I NESS. -In everyday use 17-19 

LEAD PIPE.— Standard weights of Ill 

" SHEET .—Weights to square foot 77 

" BAR .—Weight to lineal foot 77 

LIGHTNING ROD TUBES.— Weight of Copper and Zinc to foot 113 






I! 



CONTENTS-Continued. 

Page. 
LINEAL OR SURVEYORS' MEASURE. -Table of 31 

LIQUID MEASURE.-Tableof 33 

LIST OF STANDARD THREADS on Bolts and Nuts 81 

LONG MEASURE.-Tableof 31 

MAC H I N E BO LTS .—Number in 100 lbs 125 

MANDRELS, CIRCULAR SAW.-Standard Sizes 71 

MATH EM ATICAL RULES.-Some useful ones 107 

MEASURES OF CAPACITY.-Table of dimensions of 121 

METALS.— Rules for computing the weights of 107 

44 Weight of per cubic inch and foot 53 

4 * Relative malleability of 53 

44 " gravity of 53 

44 AND ALLOYS.— Specific gravity and weight of 129 

METRIC (MICROMETER CALIPER), Decimal equivalents for its use.. 47 

METRIC SYSTEM of Weights and Measures 35 

MICROMETER CALIPER.— Decimal equivalents for its use 47 

MILL SAWS.- Standard gauges in inches 71 

MOLASSES GATES. — Diameter and bore of each number 75 

NAILS, CUT.— Prices of all extras above lOd. rate 37 

44 * 4 AND SPIKES.— Number of each to pound or >eg 37 

44 HORSE SHOE.— Standard length and number in each pound 79 

44 WIRE.— Approximate number in pound 41 

44 44 Differences in prices above standard. 39 

44 " Illustrations of the different kinds 43 

44 " Standard, dimensions of each size 44 

44 " AND SPIKES. — Length and number of each in a pound.. 44 

NUTS, WROUGHT.— Dimensions of all regular siz<>s 77 

44 " Number of each size in keg 77 

OVAL SLIDE VISES.— Size of screws, weight and length of jaws 67 

OIL WELL CASING.— Standard sizes and weight ,....:......... 112 

PICKS, R. R. AND Ml NINO. -Standard weights of 73 

PIPE, LEAD, AND TIN LI NED. -Standard weights of Ill 

44 GAS, WELDED.— Weight and dimensions of. 112 

PLANTS AND TREES.— Number to acre placed at stated distances 135 

PLATE IRON.- -Weight to square foot 122 

PLATES.— Iron, Steel, Copper and Brass— Weight to square fo6t 105 

' ' TIN. — Wire gauge, weight, name, etc-. 95 

POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES 29 

POWDER, SPORTING AND MINI NO. -Marks and qualities ...... ... 133 

44 ATLAS.— Marks, qualities, etc 133 

PUTTY. — Recipes to make Painters' and Glaziers' 131 

44 How to soften and remove 131 

QUANTITIES.-Atableof 31 

RAILROAD SPIKES.— Number of each size in 100 pounds 120 

44 44 " needed to mile of truck 115 

RAILS, SPLICES AND BO LTS. -Required per mile of track 141 

RECIPES FOR MAKING SOLDERS 99 

44 VARIOUS CEMENTS 130 

RIVETS AND BURS, COPPER.— Number of each in a pound 87 

" BOILER, "BURDENS."— Number of each size in a keg. ....... 123 

RODS, STEEL, 44 STUBS."— Nos. expressed in divisions of an inch 61 

ROOFING SLATE.— Size of and number to a square 91 

44 TIN.— Cost of, with 14x20 Tin 99 



12 



CONTENTS-Continued. 

Page. 

ROOFING TIN-— Cost of, with 20x28 Tin 99 

ROPE, M A N I LA .—Weight per 100 fathoms * 65 

" " " M " M of Tarred and Hawser laid 57 

" Number of feet to a pound of each size 65 

" Breaking strength of each size 65 

" WIRE.— Diameter, Circumference, Weight, etc 59 

RULES TO BE OBSERVED.— In ordering Metals or Wire 101 

" " " M In computing Slates for Koofing 91 

" " " V In ordering Circular Saws 71 

" " " " In laying Drain Pipe 131 

" ia " " In tempering Steel 126 

FOR COMPUTING WEIGHT of Metals 107 

" " OBTAINING " " Grindstones 65 

to calculate any percentage of interest 25 

RUST CEMENT for Iron 130 

RUSSIA SHEET IRON.— Wire gauge, number and weight to sheet 110 

RUSTY BO LTS .— How to remove easily 131 

SAFETY FUSE .—Qualities and burning periods 133 

" Quantity packed in each barrel 133 

S AS H .—Sizes and dimensions of 89 

SASH WEIGHTS.— Length and thickness of each size 89 

SAWS, CIRCULAR AND MILL. -Standard gauges of each 71 

" " " * * Directions for ordering 71 

SCREENS, COAL.— Sizes of mesh required 61 

SCROLL IRON.— Number of feet in a bundle 114 

SEED .—Quantity usually sown to an acre 137 

" required for given number of plants 137 

SHEET IRON.— Weight to square foot.... 122 

" " Nos. and weights in common use 127 

" " GALVANIZED.— Price at listand discounted 109 

ZINC— Weight to sheet and square foot 110 

COPPER .—Weight per square foot, and thickness by Eng. gauge 101 

" " " ofeachsheet 101 

" " AND BRASS.— Heavy, weight in pounds 103 

LEAD 77 

SHOT, DROP AND BUCK.— Standard sizes and number in an ounce Ill 

SKATES.— Sizes in inches compared with Shoe sizes 75 

SLATE ROOFING.— Rule to compete it 91 

" Weight to square and cubic foot ^ 91 

SOLID BOX VISES.— Length of jaws of each size 67 

SOLDERS, HARD AND SO FT. -Recipes for Making 99 

SOME THINGS that are Misnamed 143 

SPIKES, CUT.— Number of each size in a keg 37 

RAILROAD, BOAT AND SHI P. -Number of each size in a keg 120 

" Number needed to mile of track 115 

* ' " Sizes used to various weights of rail 115 

SPECIFIC GRAVITY and Weight oi Metals and Alloys 129 

SQUARE MEASURE.-Tableof 33 

STEEL, BAR.— Round, Square and Octagon, weight to foot 128 

M " FLAT.— Weight to foot 127 

' 4 p L AT E S .—Weight to square foot 105 

" WIRE .—Weight to 100 feet 55 

" RODS. — N os. expressed in parts of an inch 61 



13 



CONTENTS-Continued. 

Page. 

STEEL CROWBARS.— Weight and dimensions of 83 

STRAP AND T HINGES-— Weight of heavy sizes to dozen 83 

44 ■? ** Sizes of screws required 83 

SURVEYING: LINEAL) MEASURE. -Table of 31 

TAG KLESB LOCKS.— Size of Sheaves and Rope required for each 67 

TACKS, CUT.— No. of each size in pound 37 

TANKSTAND RESERVOIRS. -Capacity of 121 

TENSILE STRENGTH and Resistance of Metals 126 

THREADS, STAN DARD.-List of, fur Bolts and Nuts 81 

TIN LINED PIPES.— Standard size of Ill 

TINS PLATES.— Standard kinds and sizes 95 

** '* Weight, Wire Gauge, and No. of sheets in a box 95 

"i ROOFING.— Cost per square, at various rates per box .96-97 

TIRE IRON.— Weight per set of each size.. , 120 

" STEEL.— Weight per set of each size 81 

TEMPERING STEEL .—Rules to be observed 126 

TREES AND PLANTS.— No. to acre at stated distances 135 

TROY WEICHT.-Tableof 31 

TUBES, BOILER.— Weight and dimensions of 112 

" ARTESIAN WELL.— Weight and dimensions of 112 

USEFUL MATHEMATICAL RULES 107 

USEfOF WIRE in Telegraph Service «. 51 

VALUE OF IRON to the ton at a given price per pound 114 

" BY THE PIECE of Articles at a given price per dozen 27 

VISES, OVAL SLIDE.— Weight, size of Screws and length of Jaws 67 

44 SOLID BOX.— Weight and length of Jaws 67 

WASHERS. — Standard sizes and No. of each in a keg 79 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. -Complete Tables of 31-33 

" V " The Metric System of 35 

WEIGHTS, SASH.— Length and thickness of each size 89 

WEIGHT TO A CUBIC FOOT of various Metals and Alloys 129 

WINDOW CLASS.^No. of Panes in a box of each size 93 

WILSON'S BUTCHER KNIVES. -Length of each No 75 

WIRE, BRASS.— Weight to 100 feet, in pound 55 

" COPPER " " " 55 

" STEEL " " " 55 

WIRE NAILS.— Illustrated page of kinds 43 

Approximate number in a pound 41 

Extra prices for various sizes 39 

Length of each Standard size and kind 44 

" AND SPIKES.— Size, Length and No. of each in pound 44 

** IRON.— Sizes by W. G., expressed in decimals of an inch.. 61 

Size, weight, length and strength 49 

44 BARBED FENCE.— Weight and Measurement of 57 

WIRES OF VARIOUS METALS.— Tensile strength and resistance 53 

WIRE GAUGES.— English and American compared 128 

44 " Different Standards in the United States 45 

WIRE ROPE.— Trade Nos., diameter, circumference, weight, etc .. 59 

WORKSHOP RECIPES of convenience and utility 131 

* * Various kinds of Cement 130 

WRENCHES, "COE'S."- Sizeof Nut taken by each length 73 

ZINC, SHEET.— Wire Gauge, No. and Weight to Sheet 110 

** TUBING.— Weight per foot 113 



14 



PERFECTION. 

BUSHNELL'S PRICE BOOK, 

For the Convenience of Business Men 

IN ALL LINKS OF TRADE, 



This Book was not offered to the Public until October, 1883, but thousands who 
are now using it can testify to its usefulness. 



WHAT IT IS. 

BUSHNELLS' PRICE BOOK is a neat, substantially bound 
book of 200 pages, made of first-class s*03k, conveniently and taste- 
fully indexed, handsomely ruled and headed. It is manufactured for 
the publisherby one of the best blank book manufacturers in New 
York, and no expense has been spared to make it the finest book in the 
market, the neatness and convenience of which will commend it at once. 

There is no other price book in the market, sold at anything like 
an equal figure, that compares with it. It was developed by years of 
experience in business, and the need of a practical price book was the 
means of bringing this before the public. 

To the business man who never kept a price book, a few weeks* 
trial of it will demonstrate its advantages, and he will never dispense 
with it. 

No business, great or small, can afford to do without it. 

With one of them at his service, a minute's work with the pencil, 
on the arrival of new goods, records the cost of them in a convenient 
shape for almost instantaneous reference at any future time — no mat- 
ter how far distant. 

The advantages of this wheu purchasing or selling goods are self- 
evident. At the same time, your selling price is recorded for as c&n- 
venient reference; and you thus have the co-t and price of your entire 
stock in a book which may be carried in the pocket or kept on the desk. 

In time saved from searching for old invoices, in money saved in 
buying, and in the preservation of prices of goods from which the marks 
Tiave been torn or obliterated, the book will pay for itself many times, 
the first month it is used. 

Jobbing houses will find it admirably adapted to the pocket of the 
Traveling Man, for Salesmen at home, or for Office Use. 



PRICES : 

INCLUDING AS A PREMIUM, A COPY OF '« HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES,* 

BY MAIL PREPAID. 

No. 1, Cloth, per copy, $1.50. 

No. 2, Seal Morocco, ... - " 2.00. 

No. 3, Red Russia, - - - - - " " 2.50. 

Please remit by Draft, Money Order, or Postal Note, 
itesponsible parties may order and remit on receipt of the books, 
if preferred. 

Sent Postpaid, on Receipt of Price, by 

HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 

PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS, 

85 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK; 




CHAS, W. PACKER'S 

w STAR BAHD " 

Ice Cream Freezers 

Easily Operated, Simple in Construction^ 

Rapid and Efficient in Worle, Well 

Made, Strong and Durable. 



All the Castings are Galvanized or Tin 
ned; Tubs of WHITE CEDAK, with Gal- 
vanized Hoops. Pine Tubs that require 
to be chemically filled to render water- 
proof are not used in the Packer Freezers. 
The beater, to which is attached Deflec- 
tors and Lifters, has self-adjusting vibra- 
tory Scalping-Bar. The mechanical ar- 
rangements guarantee the Freezing of 
Cream, Fruits, Ices, &c., in the shortest 
time and most satisfactory manner. 




Oil^S. "W". PACKER'S 

MODEL ICE CREAM FREEZER 



Is offered as possessing the advantages of 
higher-priced Freezers at less cost, the sim- 
plicity of construction admitting a lower 
price list. They are made f torn the best 
qualities of materials, including White Cedar 
Puils with Galvanized Hoops, Galvanized 
and Tinned Castings, extra grade Tin Plate, 
&c. The Can has Cast-iron Cover and Bot- 
tom, and may be revolved after the Dasher 
has been removed. The Dasher has self- 
adjusting scraping bar, and is designed with 
special reference to rapid freezing. 



C. W. PACKER, Manufacturer, 




For Sale liy Wholesale Daelers in all of the Principal Cities. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



BUSINESS LAW IN DAILY USE. 

The following compilation of business law contains the essence 
of a large amount of legal verbage : 

If a note is lost or stolen, it does not release the maker ; he 
must pay it, if the consideration for which it was given and the 
amount can be proven. 

Notes bear interest only when so stated. 

Principals are responsible for the acts of their agents. 

Each individual in a partnership is responsible for the whole 
amount of the debts of the firm, except in cases of special part- 
nership. 

Ignorance of the law excuses no one. 

The law compels no one to do impossibilities. 

An agreement without consideration is void. 

A note made on Sunday is void. 

Contracts made on Sunday cannot be enforced. 

A note by a minor is void. 

A contract made with a minor is void. 

A contract made with a lunatic is void. 

A note obtained by fraud, or from a person in a state of intox- 
ication, cannot be collected. 

It is a fraud to conceal a fraud. 

Signatures made with a lead pencil are good in law. 

A receipt for money is not always conclusive. 

The acts of one partner bind all the rest. 

" Value received^" i-s usually written in a note, and should be, 
but is not necessary. If not written it is presumed by the law, 
or may be supplied by proof. 

The maker of an ' ' accommodation " bill or note (one for 
which he has received no consideration, having lent his name or 
credit for the accommodation of the holder) is not bound to the 
pers n accommodated, but is bound to all other parties, precisely 
as if there was a good consideration. 

No consideration is sufficient in law if it be illegal in its na- 
ture. 

Checks or drafts must be presented for payment without un- 
reasonable delay. 

Checks or drafts should be presented during business hours, 
but in this country, except in the case of banks, the time extends 
through the day and evening. 

If the drawee of a check or draft has changed his residence, 
the holder must use due or reasonable diligence to find him. 

If one who holds a check as payee or otherwise, transfers it to 
another, he has a right to insist that the check be presented that 
day, or, at farthest, on the following day. 

A note indorsed in blank (the name of the indorser only writ- 
ten) is transferable by delivery, the same as if made payable to 
bearer. 

If the time of payment of a note is not inserted, it is held pay- 
able on demand. 



1 



17 



IjORTHAMPTON 60TLERY CO., 

N. 7. Salesroom, 122 Chambers St., Only. 
Office and Factory, Northampton, Mass- 



MANUFAOTTJEEES OF 

SUPERIOR TABLE CUTLERY 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 




With Cocoa, Ebony, Bone, Rubber, Celluloid, Ivory 

and Plated Handles, including an 

Assortment of 

CARTERS alii PATENT GUARD FOES 

of the latest and most approved designs. 
Tempered and ground especially for Professional nse, 

BUTCHER, HUNTING, STICKING & SKINNING KNIVES 

In all the usual styles of perfect finish and guaranteed quality. 



A full assortment of these very desirable Goods 
can be obtained from 

ANY OF THE LEADING JOBBING HOUSES IN THE 

UNITED STATES. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



BUSINESS LAW IN DAILY USE. -Continued. 

The time of payment of a note must not depend upon a con- 
tingency. The promise must be absolute. 

A bill may be written upon any paper, or substitute for it, 
either with ink or pencil. 

The payee should be distinctly named in the note, unless it is 
payable to bearer. 

An indorsee has a right of action against all whose names were 
on the bill when he received it. 

If the letter containing a protest of non-payment be put into 
the post office, any miscarriage does not affect the party giving 
notice. 

Notice of protest may be sent either to the place of business or 
of residence of the party notified. 

The holder of a note may give notice of protest either to all 
the previous indorsers or only to one of them ; in case of the 
latter he must select the last indorser, and the last must give no- 
tice to the last before him, and so on. Each indorser must send 
notice the same day or the day following. Neither Sunday or 
legal holiday is to be counted in reckoning the time in which 
notice is to be given. 

The loss of a bill or note is not sufficient excuse for not giving 
notice of protest. 

If two or more persons as partners are jointly liable on a note 
or bill, due notice to one of them is sufficient. 

If a note or bill is transfered as security, or even as payment 
of a pre-existing debt, the debt revives if the bill or note be dis- 
honored. 

An indorsement may be written on the face or back. 

An indorser may prevent his own liability to be sued by wri- 
ting " without recourse," or similar words. 

All claims which do not rest upon a seal or judgment must be 
sued within six years from the time when they arise. 

Part payment of a debt which has passed the time of statutory 
limitation revives the whole debt, and the claim holds good for 
another period of six years from the date of such partial pay- 
ment. 

A verbal promise to pay, made without condition, is generally 
held as sufficient to revive a claim otherwise shut out by the law 
of limitation. 

If, when a debt is due, the debtor is out of the State, the " six 
years " do not begin to run until he returns. If he afterward 
leave the State, the time forward counts the same as if he re- 
mained in the State. 

An oral agreement must be proved by evidence. A written 
agreement proves itself. The law prefers written to oral evi- 
d nee because of its precision. 

No evidence may be introduced to contradict or vary a written 
contract ; but it may be received in order to explain it, when 
such contract is in need of explanation. 



19 



Wm. Scholorn & Co. 

NEW HAVEN, CONN. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 




THE STAR 



SCISSORS «& SMEARS. 



Full Line of Straight and Bent Trimmers, Bankers' and 
Paper Shears, Barbers' Shears, Ladies, Embroidery- 
Pocket and Buttonhole Scissors. 



WARRANIED SUPEHOB QUALITY 



FULL MIOZBL-PLATBD, 




HIE EXWIOR UNDER Mil PHfll HOLDER. 

The Divider points are made of Stubs' Steel. Wire. The Pencil 
Holder can be attached to any Divider. 

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Bills of Exchange, Drafts, Acceptances. 

A Bill of Exchange or Draft is an order drawn by one person or firm upon 
another, payable either at sight or at a stated future time. 

It becomes an "Acceptance" whe^i the party upon whom it is drawn 
writes across the face " Accepted," and signs his name thereto, and is ne- 
gotiable and bankable the same as a note, and subject to the same laws. 

In many States both Sight and Time drafts are entitled to three days grace, 
the same as notes ; but ir made in form of a bank check, ' ' pay to," without 
the words M at sight," it is payable on presentation without grace. 

Demand Notes are payable < n presentation without grace, and bear legal 
interest, after a demand has been made, if not so written. An endorser on 
a demand note is holden only for a limited time, variable in different States. 

A Negotiable Note must be made payable either to bearer, or be properly 
endorsed by the person to whose order it is made. If the endorser wishes 
to avoid responsibility, he can endorse " without recourse." 

A Joint Note is one signed by two or more persons, who each become 
liable for the whole amount. 

Three Days' Grace are allowed on all time notes, after the time for pay- 
ment expires; if not then paid, the endorser, if any, should be legally 
notified, to be holden. 

Foreign Exchange, Talue of U. S. Coins, etc. 

The value of One Pound Sterling or an English Sovereign, compared with 
old U. S. coins, is $4,444, but Congress has, from time to time, reduced the 
weight and purity of U. S. coins, making their value as metals less than their 
value as coins, and has established the present legal Value of a Pound Ster- 
ling at $4.84. Exchange is based on the old or nominal value of a Pound, 
so that when exchange is said to be at 9 per cent, premium, it is then at par 
value ; when below 9 per cent., it is below par ; and when above 9 oer cent., 
above par, etc. 

Copartnerships, 

Partnerships may be either general or special. In general partnerships, 
money invested ceases to be individual property. Each member i* made 
personally liable for the whole amount of debts incurred by the company. 
The company is liable for all contracts or obligations made by individual 
members. 

Special Partners are not liable beyond the amount contributed. 

A person may become a partner by allowing people generally to presume 
that ne is one, as, by having his name on the sign, or parcels, or in the bills 
used in the business. 

A share or specific interest in the profits or loss of a business, as remuner- 
ation for labor, may involve one in the liability of a partner. 

In case of Bankruptcy, the joint estate is first applied to the payment of 
partnership dJbts, the surplus only going to the creditors of the individual 
estate. 

A Dissolution of partnership may take place under express stipulations in 
the articles of agreement, by mutual consent, by the death or insanity of 
one of the firm, by award of arbitrators, or by court of equity in cases of 
misconduct of some member of the firm 

A partner signing his individual n*me to negotiable paper, which is for 
the use of the partnership firm, binds all the partners thereby. Negotia- 
ble paper of the firm, even though given on private account by one of the 
partners, will hold a'l the partners of the firm when it passes into the hands 
of holders who are ignorant of the fact attenoing its creation. 

Partnership effects may be bought and sold by a partner ; he msy make 
contracts ; may receive money ; endorse, draw, and accept bills and notes ; 
and while this may be for his own private account, if it apparently be for 
the use of the firm, his partners will be bound by his action, provided the 
parties dealing with him were ignorant of the transaction being on his 
private account ; and thus representation or misrepresentation of a part- 
ner, having relation to business of the firm, will bind the members in the 
partnership. 

In case of Death, the surviving partners must account to the representa- 
tives of the deceased. 



21 



llfilir I IftllT Latest Improved 

MUnt LlfaH I ■ bas. oil, and busoline 

STREET X^A-IkCFS, 
New"SOLARBEGEffERATIVE"Gas Burner 

AN ECONOMICAL SUBSTITUTE FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT, 




An Attachment that will INCREASE the LIGHT of a COMMON KEROSENE LAMP 

MORE THAN FOUR FOLD. 

SENT BY MAIL UPON RECEIPT OF 60C. 

Illustrated Circulars and Prices furnished upon application, with Freight paid to any point 
on Trunk Line of Railroad, on liberal orders. 

ALTA MFG. CO- 175 Washington St., Boston, Mass. 



HOTCHKISS 



Rat-KillIB 




l&Ca.aa.-oJE'a.etvLred. Toy 

E. S. HOTCHKISS, 

BRXX^GKESFODFl.-X 1 , CONN., 

Manufacturer of Ilotchkiss' Patent Steel Mouse Ti np 
AND HARDWARE SPECIALTIES. 

SEND FOB II/LTJSTBATED LIST. 

SAMPLE RAT TRAP, 25 cents,) T npnlerB 
" MOUSE * 15 " j loueaiers, 



Patented Dec. 26, 1886 



THE PUBLISHERS having made every effort to make 
this Book an acceptable gift to the Dealer to whom it is 
sent, would be pleased to receive in reply a Postal Card 
acknowledgment of its having safely arrived. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Simple Method of Calculating Interest. 

We take 6 per cent, as basis for calculating all rates. 

Multiply the amount by number of days and divide by 6000 ; or, which 
is the same thing, multiply by number of days, remove the decimal point 
three figures to the left and divide by 6. This gives the interest at 6 per cent. 



For 


2 per cent. 


' take 


one-third. 


For 


3 per cent. 


take 


one-half. 


For 


4 per cent. 


deduct 


one-third. 


For 


5 per cent. 


deduct 


one- sixth. 


For 


7 per cent. 


add 


one-sixth. 


For 


8 per cent. 


add 


one- third. 


For 


9 per cent. 


add 


one-half. 


For 


10 per cent. 


add 


two-thirds. 



The following example shows the simplicity : 

Interest on $950.40 for 212 days. 
950.40 Interest @ 6 per cent, 

212 •■ " 2 " " | of 33.58 

i of 33.58 



2 
(i 3 (i 



?J 



190080 
95040 
190080 

201.484.80 
33.58 



33.58 
£off 11.19 



33.58 
Joff 5.59 



10 



33.58 
" add | 5.59 

33.58 
" add £11 19 

33.58 
" add £16.79 

33.58 
" add 5 22.38 



33.58 
11.19 
16.79 



22.39 
27.99 
39.17 
44.77 
50.37 
55.96 



Any rate can be calculated upon the same principle. 

Co7itributed by Jesse Lee and Son, Philadelphia, Pa. 



Time at which Money Doubles at Interests 

Bate per cent. Simple Interest. Compound Interest* 

2 50 years. 35 years 1 day. 

21 40years. 28 years 26 days. 

3 33 years 4 months. 23 years 164 days. 

31 28 years 208 days. 20 years 54 days. 

4 .....'..'. 25years. 17 years 246 days. 

41 22 years 81 days. 15 years 273 days. 

5 20years. 15 years 75 days. 

6* *.",..* ..f 16 years 8 months. 14 years 327 days. 

7 ..." .*.'.!.. it... 14 years 104 days. 10 years 89 days. 

8.'..'.'.'.'.'.' 12£years. 9 years 2 days. 

9 11 years 40 days. 8 years 16 days. 

10 10 years. 7 years 100 days. 

ONE DOLLAR LOANED 100 YEARS at Compound Interest would 
amount to the following sum : 



1 percent $2.75 

3 " M 19.25 

6 " " 340.00 

10 " " 13,809 00 



23 



12 per cent $84,675.00 

15 •« " 1,174,405.00 

18 •« »' 15,145,207.00 

24 «* u 2,551,799,404.00 





CuMs Combined Sat Vise and Set. 

No. 2— For Hand Saws— Will hold to file 
and set any saw, from the smallest to the 
largest. In using it for setting keep the bolt 
up against the back of the saw, to prevent any- 
slipping back. The Anvil has four bevels. 
The jaws are all planed. ' 

Price, $1.50. 

Weight of No. 2, 8 lbs. 

No. 3— For Hand, Band or Scroll 

Haws— Will hold any size of Band or Hand 

Saw. This is intended for shop use, being 

too heavy to carry about. 

Price, $2.25. 
Improved Saw Vise— Same as Nos. 2 and 3, but without the Set. 

Price, 85c. and 81.25. 
3 B— This Tool fitted up with Guides for filing and setting Band 
Saws on the frame. Price, $2.50. 

Weight of No. 3, IS lbs. 
No. 4— This size will hold Circular Saws from 7 to 18 inches in 
diameter. By taking off the front Jaw the bolt can be moved to 
suit any size ^between. Price, $3.50. No. 5— Will hold any size 
from 7 to 26 inches in diameter, for filing and setting. Price, $4.50. 
No. 6— From 5 to 10 inches. Price, $2.50. 

No. 4, weight 23 lbs. No. 5, weight 35 lbs. 

These Tools are very efficient and highly prized by all who use them. 
Send for Catalogue and Trade Discount. 

MANUFACTURED BY 

JOHN F. C0XHEAD, Poughkeepsie, Si. Y. 

FOB SALE BY QU ACKENBUSH, TOWNSEND & CO., 

85 CHAMBERS ST., NEW YORK. 




The object of this, DIAMOND POINT can he readily seen, in that it prevents 
the SET from slipping from the head of the nail while in use, thus saving in many 

cases some valuable piece of work. 

It is fast taking the place of every other Nail Set. 

Once seen, Mechanics willhave no other. 

These Sets are carefully made from the Best Quality of Tool 
Steel. The Points are turned and thoroughly tempered, and will 
not break off. 

EACH SET FULLY WARRANTED. 

The Trade Supplied. Put up in Boxes 1 Dozen, 1-4 Gross and 1 Gross. Assorted 
Sizes. Prices and Terms upon application. Manufactured only by 

THE EDWARD STORM SPRING CO., Limited, 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Rate of Annual Income of Inyestments, 



PAR VALUE BEING $100 


, BEABING INTEREST AT 


Price paid. 


H 


6% 


7% 


8% 


10£ 


$50 


lO.OO 


12.00 


14.00 


16.00 


20.00 


55 


9.09 


10.90 


12.72 


14.55 


18.18 


GO 


8.33 


10.00 


11. 6G 


13 . 33 


16.66 


05 


7.G9 


9.23 


10.76 


12.30 


15.38 


• 70 


7.14 


8.57 


10.00 


11.42 


14.28 


75 


6.66 


8.00 


9.33 


10. 6G 


13.35 


80 


6.25 


7 50 


8.75 


10.00 


12.50 


82i 


G.OG 


7.27 


8.48 


9.69 


11.12 


85 


5.88 


7.05 


8.23 


9.41 


11.76 


87^ 


5.71 


6.s:> 


8.00 


9.14 


11.42 


90 


5.55 


6.66 


7.77 


8.88 


11.11 


92^ 


5.40 


G.48 


7.56 


8.64 


10.80 


95" 


5.2G 


6.31 


7.36 


8.42 


10 52 


9G 


5.20 


6.25 


7.29 


8.33 


10.41 


97 


5.15 


6.18 


7.21 


8.24 


10.30 


97^ 


5.12 


6.15 


7.17 


8.20 


10.25 


98" 


5.10 


6.12 


7.14 


8.16 


10.20 


99 


5.05 


6.06 


7.07 


8.08 


10.10 


100 


5.00 


6.00 


7.00 


8.00 


10.00 


101 


4.95 


5.94 


6.93 


7.92 


9.90 


102 


4.90 


5.88 


6.86 


7.84 


9.80 


103 


4.85 


5.82 


6.79 


7.76 


9.70 


104 


4.80 


5.76 


6.73 


7.69 


9.61 


105 


4.76 


5.71 


6.66 


7.61 


9.52 


110 


4.54 


5.45 


6.36 


7.27 


9.09 


115 


4.34 


5.21 


6.08 


6.95 


8.69 


120 


4.16 


5.00 


5.83 


6.66 


8.33 


125 


4.00 


4.80 


5.60 


6.40 


8.00 


130 


3.84 


4.61 


5.38 


6.15 


7.69 


135 


3.70 


4.44 


5.18 


5 92 


7.40 


140 


3.57 


4.28 


5.00 


5.71 


7.14 


145 


3.44 


4.13 


4.82 


5.51 


6.89 


150 


3.33 


4.00 


4.66 


5.33 


6.66 



Interest Rules. 

Four Per Cent. — Multiply the principal by the number of days to run ; 
separate the right hand figure from product, and divide by 9. 

Five Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days, and divide by 72 

Six Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days ; separate right hand figure, 
and divide by 6. 

Seven and TSree-Tenths Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days, 
.°ud double the amount so obtained. On $100 the interest is just two cents 
p t diy. 

jKight Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days, and divide by 45. 

Nine Per Cent,— Multiply by number of days ; separate right 1 ^d fig- 
ure, and divide by 4. 

Ten Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days, and divide by 36. 

Twelve Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days; separate right hand 
figure, and divide by 3. 



25 



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1 



27 



Johnstons 

Patent Standard Dry-Sized 

K alsomine and Fresco P aints," 

FOE COLORING WALLS AND CEILINGS. 

Gold Medal, New Orleans, 1 884-5, and Eight First-Class Awards. 

Nine— Tenths Cheaper than Wall Paper, Three-Fourths Cheaper than Oil Paint. 




READY ^MJ FOR USE. 



Pure White and Beautiful Tints. Purifies and Beautifies. 

Will not Rub and Scale from the Wall. 
Invaluable in Cleansing and Disinfecting Walls Impregnated with Germs of 

Disease. 

mixed in 5 Minutes Ready for the Brush, by the addition of Water Only. 

An Inexperienced Person can use it. 

Five Pounds will Cover with a Good Body 500 Square Feet, 

on a Hard-Finished Wall. 



Johnston's Patent Dry- Sized 

and see that you do not get any poor substitute. For sale\by 
Paint, Drug and Hardware Dealers everywhere. 

Send for Sample Card and Circular to 

DRY IALSOKQNE AND FiSCO PAINT WORKS, 

HiTos- 25 dc 27. ToTcltl St., 
BROOKLYN, N". Y. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Poisons and their Antidotes, 

Arsenic— Use the stomach pump instantly; otherwise, give 20 grains sul- 
phate of zinc in a little warm water to produce vomiting, or a large table 
spoonful of mustard in warm water. Meanwhile procure some hydrat'd 
sesquioxide of iron and give a tablespoonf ul of it with water every five or 
ten minutes until six doses are taken. Dialyzed iron is also efficient. 

Aqua Ammonia, or Hartshorn, if taken undiluted is a violent poison. 
Give Vinegar ', instantly, mixed with a Httle water, this acts by neutraliza- 
tion. Vegetable oils, in large quantity, furnish the, next best antidote, the 
ammonia acting upon them to form Soap. 

Aconite. — Give an emetic of mustard or sulphate of zinc, or use the 
stomach pump, instantly, then give stimulants, whiskey, brandy, gin or 
rum, &c. 

Acid — Nitric, Muriatic, or Sulphuric— If either of these be swallow- 
ed, not a moment is to be lost. The best remedy is to fill the patient full 
of Calcined Magnesia stirred up in water, to the consistency of very thin 
paste; or, give half an ounce of soap shavings in a pint of water. If neither 
are at hand give chalk or whiting, in water, or even pound fine some of the 
white plastering from the wall and give in water 

Belladonna, Hyosctamus, Stamonium, and Conium are all narcotics, 
and the treatment is the same as for opium; especially the stronq coffee, 

Cantharides (Spanish Flies).— Give large doses of sweet oil, sugar and 
water, or milk. To relieve the strangury and scalding of urine whice it oc- 
casions, give camphor, 10 to 15 drop doses in water. 

Corrosive Sublimate, (Bed bug poison).— Mix up quickly the whites of 
a dozen eggs^ with a quart of cold water, give a cupful of the mixture every 
two minutes till the stomach can hold no more. If you have not eggs 
enough use what you have and make up the deficiency with milk. Wheat 
flour, mixed with water, iagood. Use the stomach pump if it can be had 
quickly. 

Charcoal Gas, Sulphuretted Hydrogen, or Carbonic Acid Gas.— 
Use cold shower bath and give Aconite in drop doses, in a spoonful of 
water. The effects of Coal gas are best antidoted by copious draughts of 
vinegar and water. 

Oxalic Acid.— Give Magnesia in water as quickly as possible. When 
not to be had, use chalk, lime orsaleratus. Use the stomach pump if at 
hand. Soap suds or alkalies are of no use with this Acid. 

Opium, Morphine and Laudanum.— Use the stomach pump, if possible; 
if not, a powerful emetic, as sulphate of zinc; or, give the mustard emetic 
and tickle the palate. If drowsiness comes on, take the patient into the 
open air; dash water into the face, by all means keep him walking. It once 
allowed to fall asleep it may be impossible to arouse him. Strong coffee, 
taken hot, antidotes after the stomach has been emptied. 

Frussic Acid.— This is the deadliest of all known poisons. One drop of 
the pure acid will cause instantaneous death. If any of its products be 
taken and the result is not immediately fatal, resort to the cold shower 
bath, inhalation of diluted aqua ammonia vapor and give solution of car- 
bonate of potass, 20 grains to a glass of water, or ammonia diluted with six 
times the bulk of water, freely. 

Sugar op Lead, (Acetate of Lead).— Give a ground mustard emetic; or, 
20 grains sulphate of zinc in a glass of water; afterwards, large dose or 
epsom salts. 

Strychnine or Nux Vomica, are rapid and deadly poisons, generally 
proving fatal, in spite of treatment. If emetics are given and the stomach 
emptied quickly enough, and if the patient is not attacked>with convulsions 
within two hours,he will generally be safe. An abundance of sweet milk is 
recommended, also strong coffee, as for opium poisoning. 

Strong Lye.— Sometimes swallowed by children. The remedy is vine- 
gar, or oil, the former by converting the lye into acetate of potash, the lat- 
ter by forming soap; neither of which materially injures the stomach. 

Verdigris.— This most frequently poisons by its formation upon copper 
vessels used in cooking. Give an emetic instantly, and then two tea- 
spoonfuls of Carbonate of Soda, in a tumbler full of water and repeat in ten 
minutes. Whites of eggs in water are also proper; 



29 







WM, H. RANSOM. 



O. CHAN. WELLS. 



RANSOM & WELLS, 

WROUGHT AND CAST-IRON 

PIPE AND FITTINGS, 

For Steam, Water, Gas and Oil . 

BRASS and IRON VALVES and COCKS, 

Railway, Steamship, Machinists,' Engineers' and Factory Supplies, 

138 and 140 Centre Street, 

Telephone "Spring 837," - NEW YORK. 



SELLING AGENTS FOR 

Crosby Steam Gage and Valve Co. Rensselaer Straightway 

Gate Valves. The Marsh Patent Automatic Air 

Valves. Excelsior Radiators. 



If you wish to receive BOTTOM PRICES WHEN 
WRITING TO ADVERTISERS for Cata- 
logues, just mention having seen 
the advertisement in 

HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WEIGHTS AtfD MEASURES, 

Avoirdupois Weight, 

The Grain is the same in Troy, Apothecaries and Avoidupois Weights. 
The standard avoirdupois pound is the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled 
water weighed in the air at 35.85 degrees Fahr., barometer at 30 inches. 
27.343 grains — 1 drachm. 



drachms. 

1 - 

16 = 

256 - 

7168 = 

28672 — 

573440 = 

A stone 



ozs. 

.0625 = 

1 - 

16 = 

448 = 

1792 = 

35840 = 



lbs. 

.0033 — 

.0625 = 

1 = 

28 = 

112 = 



qrs. 
0OU139 
.00223 

.0357 

1 

4 



= 2240 = 80 
14 pounds. 



cwt. 

.000035 = 
.000558 = 
.00893 = 
.25 = 
1 = 
20 = 



ton. 
.000U0174 
.000028 
.000447 
.0125 
.05 
1 



A quintal 



French 
grammes. 
= 1.771846 

- 28.34954 
= 453.59 
= 12700 

- 50802 
= 1016040 
100 pounds 



Troy Weight. 

For Gold, Silver and Precious Metals. 

French 
grains. dwts. ozs. lbs. grammes. 

1 = .04167 — .00208 = .0001736 = .9648 
24 = 1 = .05 = .004167 — 1.555 

480 = 20 =1 = .0833 = 31.1035 

5760 = 240 = 12 =1 = 373.242 

175 lbs. Troy = 144 Avoirdupois, 
lbs. Avoirdupois X .82286 — lbs. Troy, 
lbs. Troy X 1.2153 = lbs. Avoirdupois. 

The jeweler's Carat is equal, in the United States, to 3.2 grains ; in London, to 
3.17 grains; in Paris, to 3.18. 

Pure Gold is worth $20.67 per oz. Troy, or i^.,34 per oz. Avoirdupois. 

M Silver M $1.36 " " $1.24 " 

Standard Gold " $18.60 " " $16.96 " 

" Silver " $1,225 " " $1,117 " 

Apothecaries' Weight. 

United States and British. 

20 grains 1 scruple. 

3 scruples 1 drachm = 60 grains. 

8 drams 1 ounce = 24 scruples == 480 grains. 

12 ounces 1 pound = 96 drachms = 283 scruples = 5760 grs. 

In Troy and Apothecaries' weights, the grain, ounce and pound are tbe same. 
Long Measure. 
fath. 
.0139 
.1667 



ins. 



yards. 

.02778 — 



feet. 
1 = .083 
12 = 1 
36 = 3 = 1 = 5 = 

72= 6= 2= 1 = 

198 = 16% = b%= 2M - 

7920 = 660 = 220 — 110 — 

63360 = 5280 = 1760 = 880 = 

A cable's length = 120 fathoms. 

A square mile is 640 acres. 

A league is three miles. 

The term "Sabbath Day's Journey' 

means 1,155 yards. 
A day's joui. ^y is 33>a miles. 
A fathom is six feet. 



poles. 
.005 
.0606 
.182 
.364 
1 
40 
320 



furl. mile. 

= .000126 — .0000158 



= .00151 
= .00454 
= .0091 
= .025 
= 1 
— 8 



= .0001894 
= .000568 
= .001136 
= .003125 
= .125 
= 1 



French 

metres. 

.0254 

.3048 

.9144 

1.8287 

5.0291 

201.16 

1609.315 



A hand (horse measure) is four inches. 

A palm is three inches. 

A span is 10% inches. 

A cubit is two feet. 

A great cubit is 11 feet. 

A pace is three feet. 



Surveying- Measure (Lineal). 



links. 
.126 = 
1 = 
1.515 = 

36 — 4.545 = 

92 = 100 



ins. 
1 = 

7.92 = 
12 = 



feet. 



yards. 

• '.0278 
- .22 



chains. 
.00126 = 
.01 = 
.01515 = 
.04505 — 
1 = 



8000 m 5280 = 17 



mile. 
.0000158 
.000125 
.000189 
.000568 
.0125 
1 



French 

metres. 

.0254 

.2012 

.3048 

.9144 

20.116 

1609.315 



1 knot or geographical mile 
1 Admiralty knot 



6082.66 feet 
1.1515 statute miles = 6080 feet. 

Table o£ Quantities. 



1854 metres = 1.152 statute mile. 



12 units or articles, 
12 dozen 

20 units or articles, 
24 sheets paper, 



1 dozen. 
1 gross. 
1 score. 
1 quire. 



20 quires 

2 reams 

5 bundles 
Printer's token, 



1 ream. 

1 bundle. 

1 bale. 

250 sheets. 



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HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES- Continued, 



Square Measure. 



1 
144 

1296 

39204 

1568160 

6272640 



feet. 

.00694 — 

1 = 

9 = 

10890' = 

43560 = 



yards. ' perches. 



roods. 



acre. 



.000772 = .0000255 = .00000064 = .CC000G159 



.111 = .00367 
1 = .0331 
30M — 1 
1210 = 40 
4840 - 160 



.0000918 = .C00023 

.000826 = .0002062 

.025 = .00625 

J = .25 



= 4 



= 1 



Square 

metres. 

.0001345 

.0929 

.8361 

25.292 

10JL1.7 

4046.7 



521-1 

104K 
120K 
147% 

208% 



100 square feet = 1 square. 

1 chain wide = 8 acres per mile. 
10 square chains = 1 acre. 
1 hectare = 2.471143 acres. 

C = 27878400 sq. feet. 
1 square mile. 1 = 3097600 sq. yds. 

( — 640 acres. 
Acres x .0015625 = Square miles. 
Sq. yds. x .000000323 = sq. miles. 

A section of land is 1 mile square, and contains 640 acres 
A square acre is 208.71 feet at each side. • 

" % " 147.58 '" 

" H " 104.355 M 
A circular " 235.504 feet in diameter. 
% " 166.527 ** 

" H tc 117752 " 

feet square, or ;... 2,722% square feet is 1-16 

feet .square, or 5,445 square - l is }-i 

feet square, or 10,890 square ' % 

feet square, or 14,520 square ] <{ 

feet square, or 21,780 square i 

feet square, or 43,560 square f eti- . 



acre, 
acre, 
acre, 
acre, 
a ere. 
ere. 



Cubic Measure. 



A cord of -woo 



cubic 
feet. yard. metres. 

.CC05788 — .000002144 = .000016386. 
1 = .03704 - .028315 

27 = 1 = .764513 

128 cubic feet, being 4 feet high, 4 feet wide, and 8 feet long. 



ins. 

1 = 

172^ = 



42 cubic feet = a ton of shipping. 

A Cubic Foot is Equal to 



1728 cubic inches. 

.037037 cubic yard. 

.803564 U. S. struck bushel of 2150.42 

cubic inches. 
3.21426 U. S. pecks. 

7.48052 U. S. liquid galls, of 231 cub. inch. 
6.42851 U. S. dry gallons. 



29.92208 U. S. liquid quarts. 
25.71405 U. S. dry quarts. 
59.84416 U- S. liquid pints. 
51.42809 U. S. dry pints. 
239.37662 U. S. gills. 
26667 flour barrel of 3 struck bushels. 
23748 U. S. liquid barrel of 31% gallons. 



I>ry Measure* 

The Standard Bushel contains 2150.42 cubic inches, or 77.627013 pounds avoirdu- 
pois of pure water at maximum density. It legal dimensions are 18% inches Diam- 
eter inside, 19% inches outside, and 8 inches deep ; and when heaped, the cone must 
be 6 inches high, making a heaped bushel equal to 1^ struck ones. 

Pints. Quarts. Gallons. Pecks. Bushels. Cubic Inches. 

2 = 1 = .250 = .125 = .0315 — 67.2 

8=4= 1 = .5 = .125 - 268.8 

16 = 8 = 2 = 1= .25 = 537.6 

64=32== 8=4= 1= 2150.42 

JLiquid Measure* 

The standard gallon measures 231 cubic inches, or 8.33888 lbs., avoirdupois of 
pure water, at about 39.85 degrees Fahr., the barometer at 30 inches. 

gills. 

= 1 pint. 

1 quart. 
4 = 1 gallon. 
168 = 42 = 1 tierce, 
252 = 63 = 1% = 1 hogshead. 
336 = 84 = 2 = 1% = 1 puncheon. 
504 = 126 = 3 =2 = 1% - 1 pipe. 
8064 — 2016 = 1008 = 252 = 6 =4 =3 =2 = 1 tun. 
A cubic foot contains 7% gallons. 



4 

8 


_ 


1 

2 


P* 


32 


= 


8 


= 


1344 


= 


336 


= 


2016 


= 


504 


= 


2488 


= 


672 


= 


4032 


= 


1008 


= 



33 



IVES' PATENT SASH LOCKS. 

WARRANTED BURGLAR-PROOF. 

A very important fea- 
ture of the IVES SASH 
LOCK is in its securely 
locking when closed, and 
simultaneously drawing 
the meeting rails closely 
together. All the move- 
ments are accomplished 
by cams without the in- 
strumentality of springs, 
thus avoiding the possi- 
bility of getting out of 
order. 

IVES' PATENT 
SASH LOOKS and 
OH BOLTS are 
for sale by all DEAL- 
ERS IN HARDWARE. 

Patented April 17, 1883; Oct. 16, '83 ; Dec. 30, '84; 

March 24, '85 ; May 12, '85; June 23, '85 ; 

Patented in Canada March 24, 1886. 




IB. IVES <3s CO., 

SOLE MANUFACTURERS AND PATENTEES, 
Send for Illustrated Price- Lists. - - NEW HAVEN, CONN. 



5fe 



*« 




m 



■ 



ei 



CD> 



POSITIVELY PREVENT COLLAR GALLS AND SORE SHOULDERS. 



YEAES- 



OVER 2,000,000 HAVE BEEN SOLD IN THE PAST POUE 
It requires no tying or sewing to the Collar. 
It is always ready for use, and can be used on any collar. 
It is one of the biggest paying articles in the country to handle. 
For sale by the jobbing trade in general. 
For information and catalogue, address 

E. L. McOLAIN MANUFACTURING 00., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
^Please Mention this Book. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



THE METRIC SYSTEM. 



WEIGIETS. 



Metric Denominations and values. 



Names, 



No. Grams. 



Equivalents in Denominations in use* 
Weight of what quantity of Avoirdupois 
water at maximum density. Weight. 



Millier or toimeau = 

Quintal = 

Myriagram = 

Kilogram or kilo = 

Hectogram = 

Dekagram = 

Gram — 

Decigram = 

Centigram — 

Millisrram = 



1,000,000 

100,000 

10,000 

1,000 

100 

10 

1 

.1 

.01 

.001 



1 cubic meter = 
1 hectoliter = 

10 liters = 

1 liter = 

1 deciliter = 

10 c centimeter — 
1 c. centimeter = 

.1 c. centimeter = 

10 c. millimeter = 
1 c. millimeter = 



2204 G pounds 
220.40 pounds 
22.04G pounds 
2.2045 pounds 
3.5274 ounces. 
0.3527 ounce. 
1.".433 grains. 
1 5432 grains. 
0.1543 grain. 
0.0154 grain. 



MEASURES OF LENGTH. 



Metric Denominations and Values. 



Myriameter = 
Kilometer = 
Hectometer = 
Dekameter = 
Meter = 

Decimeter = 
Centimeter = 
Millimeter = 



10,000 

1,000 

100 

10 

1 



meters = 

meters = 

meters = 

meters = 

meter, = 

.1 of a meter = 

.01 of a meter = 

.001 of a meter — 



Equivalents in Denominations in use. 
6.2137 miles. 

0.62137 m. or 3,280 feet 10 inches. 
328 feet and 1 inch. 
393.7 inches. 
39.37 inches. 
3.937 inches. 
0.39°," inch, 
o. )«& iuch. 



MEASURES OF SURFACE. 

Metric Denominations and Values. Equivalent-: in Denomination in use. 
Hectare = 10,000 square meters = 2 471 acres. 
Are = 100 square meters = 119.6 square yards. 
Centare = 1 square meter = 1.550 square inches. 



MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 

Metric Denominations and Values. Equivalents in Denominations in use. 

Cubic Measure. Dry Measure. Wine Measure. 

1 cubic meter = 1.303 cubic yards = 264.17 gallons. 
.1 cubit meter — 2 bush. 3.35 pks. = 26.417 gallons. 
10 = 10 c. decimeters= 9. OS quart* = 2.6417 gallons. 

1 c. decimeter = 0.908 quart = 1.0567 quarts 

1 c. decimeter = 6.1022 cubic inch.= 845 gill. 



Names. No. Liters. 
Kiloliter = 1,000 = 
Hectoliter = 100 - 
Decaliter = 
Liter = 
Deciliter = 
Centiliter = 
Milliliter = .001 



1 = 
.1 = 



01 = 10 c.centimeters= 0.6102 cubic inch.= 0.338 fluid oz. 
1 c. centimeter^ 0.061 cubic mches= 0.27 fluid dr. 



35 



SEYMOUR'S SHEARS 




Maroon and Black Japanned Handles, or 
Nickel-Plated Handles and Blades. 



Straight and Bent Trimmers, Tailors' 

Shears* Bankers' Shears, Ladies' 

Scissors, Snips, &c 

SOLD BY ALL RELIABLE DEALERS. 

Henry Seymour Cutlery Company, 

84 AND 86 CHAMBERS ST., N. Y. 



SPIKEi 

Boiler and Bridge 

BOILER BRACE JAWS, 



SQUARE AND HEXAGON NUTS, 

Washers and Bolts. 

FULLER BROTHERS & CO., 

139 GREENWICH ST., - NEW YORK. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Schedule of Extras on Cut Nails. 



10d to 60d Common at Standard or Lowest Price 

6dand9d " 25 per keg above lOd 

6dand7d " 50 

4dand5d " 75 

3d " 1.50 

3d Fine, 2d and Roofing .< 2.25 

2d Fine..- 4.00 " «« " " 

Cut Spikes, all sizes 25 " " '« 

Fencing and Sheathing Same price as same size Common Nails. 

Cooper,', Slating) 8d*>&M 6d Sd lOd and larger. 



IC 


t< . 


it 


a 


(C 


u 


it 


ii 


a 


ii 


i 


a 



.50 per keg above lOd common. 
.75 " u '* ll 

t u tt t 



and Tobacco.. J" 2.00 l!25 1.00 .75 
Casiner, Flooring) ' 

and Box. / 1 - 50 i- 25 1 - 00 

Finishing 175 1.50 1.25 1.00 

Trunk 1.75 

2 & 2M in. 2X & 2& 3 in. & longer. 

Clinch 1 — ! 

2.00 1.75 1.50 per keg above lOd common 



in hall kegs.. 2 50 



2.25 



2.00 per 100 lbs. " 



Number of Nails and Tacks in a Pound, 



Nails. 


Tacks. 


Title. 


Length . 


No. in a lb. 


Title. 


Length. 


No. per lb. 


S penny fine 


1 % inch 


760 


nails 


1 ounce 


3-16 inch 


16,000 


3 ' 


1 common 


\% " 


4 SO 


a 


1* " 


7 32 " 


10,666 


4 « 


t u 


1# " 


300 


u 


2 


X " 


8,000 


5 « 


l it 


154 " 


200 


<t 


2% " 


5-16 " 


. 6,400 


6 4 


I ii 


2 " 


160 


it 


3 " 


% " 


5,332 


7 ' 


i 


2^ " 


128 


u 


4 " 


7-16 " 


4,000 


8 4 


l u 


2^ " 


93 


it 


6 " 


8-16 " 


2,666 


9 ' 


i f 


2X " 


72 


it 


8 ■, " 


9-16 " 


2,000 


10 4 


t t» 


3 


60 


it 


10 " 


10-16 " 


1,600 


12 4 


i li 


¥ u 


44 


ii 


12 ' " 


11-16 " 


1,332 


16 ' 


4 I 


3^ " 


32 


ii 


14 


12-16 44 


1,143 


20 4 


i ii 


4 4 ' 


24 


» 


16 4 ' 


13-16 - 4 


1,000 


30 ' 


4 it 


4.'/ 2 " 


18 


ii 


18 


14-16 44 


888 


40 4 


t i. 


5 


14 


t* 


20 4 


15-16 44 


800 


50 4 


i it 


5)i '' 


12 


tt 


22 *« 


1 " 


727 


€0 ' 


i it 


6 


10 


it 


24 u 


1* 


666 


6 


fence 


2 " 


80 


ii 








8 4 


« a 


2tf " 


50 


ii 








10 * 


i it 


3 " 


34 


ii 








12 ' 


i it 


3^ " 


29 


ii 









No. of Cut Spikes in Keg of 100 Pounds. 



3 


inch. . . 


...2,900 


5 


inch.... 


... 950 


6# inches.... 


... 575 


3^ 


ii 


...2,100 


W 


a 


.... 850 


T 


a 


...450 


4 


.<» 


...1,500 


6 


te 


.... T75 


8 


a 


... 375 


4# 


t: 


..1,150 















37 



T • 

IS QJ 

Jh 

Sz 

uO 

CflQ- 






S C/2 



«*8 

!2i 



H 



hi 



>- PI 



III 



2>= 

5(0 

< 



5 

f4 









z 
< 
o 

5 
ui 

S 

iiice 
xO 

B) ||| ^J 

Sui - . 



ri- 
SI 

id 
D 
K 

< 

< 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



July 8, 1886. 

STEEL TT^IZRE IsLAJEDLiS. 



Standard Price List. 



Size. 



Length of 
Nail. 



Add to the 

price of 

1 0d Com. 

Standard. 



Common, Fence, Flooring Brads, 
Shingle and Tobacco Nails. 



10d-60d. . . . 
8d & 9d. . . . 
6d & 7d. . . . 
4d&5d.... 

3d 

2d 



3 in. to G in. . 
2^ in. &2f in. 
2 in. & 2f in. 
U in. & l|in. 

l|inch 

1 inch 



Rate . . . 

$ 35 

75 

1 10 

2 25 

3 75 



10d-60d. 
8d & 9d. 
6d&7d. 
4d & 5d. 

3d 

2d 



Barbed Common. 

3 in. to G in . . 
2^ in. &2^in. 
2 in. &2i-in. 
liin.&l£in, 

l| inch 

1 inch 



40 

75 

1 00 

1 50 

2 50 
4 00 



Casing and Smooth Box. 



10d-40d. 
8d & 9d. 
6d & 7d. 
4d & 5d. 

3d 

2d. 



3 in. to 5 in. .. 

2^ in. & 2f in. 
2 in. &2£in. 
Uin. &l|in. 



1 inch , 



75 
1 25 

1 50 

2 00 

3 00 

4 00 



Barbed Box, 25c. add to Smooth. 



Smooth Finishing Nails. 



2d 

3d 

4d & 5d 

6d & 7d 

8d & 9d 

10d-20d. 



1 inch 

li inch 

l£in. &l£in. 

2 in. &2£in. 
in. &2£in. 



00 
00 
75 
00 
50 
25 



3 in. to 4 in. , 
For Barbed, 25c. add to Smooth. 



Fine Nails. 



2d. 
3d. 
4d. 



1 inch . 
If inch, 
liinch, 



Lining Nails. 



| inch. 

finch. 

1 inch. 



4 50 
3 75 
2 75 



6 00 
5 00 
4 50 



Size. 



Length of 
Nail. 



Add to the 

price of 

10dCom. 

Standard. 



Barrel Nails. 



£ inch . 

finch. 
1 inch, 
li inch, 
l^inch. 
lginch. 
U inch , 



Slating Nails. 



2d.... 

3d 

4d 

5d 



inch, 
l^inch. 
Uinch. 
I#inch. 



$5 00 
4 50 
3 75 
2 60 
2 25 
1 50 
1 10 



3 00 
2 00 
1 50 
1 25 



Barbed Roofing Naiis. 



2d. 
3d. 
4d. 
5d jl^inch. 



3 inch . 

finch. 
1 inch . 
l"J inch . 
Hinch. 



6d. 



2 inch. 



4 50 
3 50 
3 00 
2 25 
1 75 
1 50 
1 25 



Barbed Oval-Head Car Nails, 
Light and Heavy. 



4d 

5d 

6d&7d.. 
8d&9d.. 
10d-60d. . 



2d 

3d 

4d&5d.. 
6d-20d... 



Hindi. 



2 in. & 2\in. 
2J in. & 2-2 in j 

3 in. to 6 in. .. I 

Clinch Naiis. 



1 inch... 
l£inch... 
Uin. & 1: 



in 
2 in. to 4 in. .. 



Wire Spikes. 



All 



sizes. 3 in. to 9 in . . 



1 75 
1 50 
1 25 
1 00 
75 



3 50 
2 75 

2 00 
1 75 



35 



39 



GKEeiEElsriPIIELID, MASS, 



PATENT SCREtf-CUTlING AND OTHER LABOR-SAVING TOOLS. 




'Mill! .. 






* * I i,. i »tufc 






SEBiTID FOE COMPLETE LIST. 



"COMMON SENSE" 
HAT and COAT HOOKS 



CD 
CD 



■3 

CD 
CD 

© 



O 

o 

-i-H 
02 



£ 



The Best and Cheapest 

Hook in the World. 




A Saving of Screws, Labor, Time 
and Annoyance in Applying. 

The Formation of the Hook Canses 

it to be More Durable 
AND OF GREATER STRENGTH. 



It Cannot Turn or be 

Pulled Out of Place. 



QUALITY, FINISH AND PACK- 
ING THE VERY BEST. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 





APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF WIRE NAILS PER POUND. 


co ii^Iq c---oo Oh • • • • 




















This Table is an Average only, and the figures given may be varied slightly either way, by chaDgcs in the dimensions of the 
heads or points. 


1 1 rH rH i-H rH • • 






















W 1 1 Hr!HHH(M«CN 






















ir , 1 1 X CVr-i CO 1C Xr- 
10 1 1 ,_l r-l r-l r-l O 


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i X CO CS BC 
1 CS CO CO r» 


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-in 1 1 CS © CO "# t- © H 

^ 1 r-i i-i i-i ?H cs e> 


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m t- 


















I |OH«*tCOnOHt-CO(M«CJM 

II *-• 
















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i ioc-n«ooo<NOOCic i ioiC'*' | J''*o • 

He* lHHN(NnCO^W«D«Xffl(NOHQOg | 












1 |00Ci^O-*OC-ir.l>fOiNO2Cj00lOa00 
HH iSS^^CO^^OO^O-COOOCOjHCCO 












i 1 ^^TKNOOlOCTlNLlOCO'^t-lOMOCOHCi 

| |§S8885SS£ao©2 S ©g*«kt: 










1 


rm(N>MHCHCXX<Nc:oo!Oonoc» 








1 

rH 


t--ci oc^ooniNOi-cxinciTHt-n^Haoji.* 
S§ 9 ?5§ot.oooH» 2 o 5 g5gggt;t: 






1—1 


«H r-I CS* CO* 




* i 






; .4 rH r-s CS CO 








flflCOCCOC5«t-OO^n?OCOnCOggO^ 
^©^CS©CS^t^©^rHr-iCOHt-''#lO©J~}£^» 

r4 rH CS* CS CS* t* 


< 


c-x 


1 








X©CS^t^©COXO©r-rH^©X©CO©t^ 

,_; rl r-5 cs cs «* & 


1 










oS^eoiNt*nH^Hjfflcjt«ow 5 grt 

HrlHH<N(N<NCO-*lflt-OrilOOt-lOOC!«0 
rJ rH CS* CS* COJOJft^ 


e|oc 














. • CS t— Cs O i— it— CSCOt-iXJCNC^irjw 
• •fflOSMt-nOJOOiOWOC^On 
. .j-ii-lCNKMCOCOlCOXrH-^X^CC 

' ." r-< rH i-I CS CC 


5.334 4.267 

7.500 6.000 

8.888 7.111 

11.428 9. 14*J 


•HN 














.rHt-CSO"*©XCS..N©CSCS©CC 
.H^O^r-ONINt-CHOXiHM 
.CSCSCNCO'*'^«OXO'<*t-CSrHr- 

*, ,-* rH rH CS CO ■>* 


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C0t-©CSC0©X«Ot-CN©©t- 
OCOCNCSCO^iOHHClOlN 

(S»0^»»OHl6CO«ei 

rH* rH i-* CS* CO* "<*" W* C-* ©' rH* »fi 


H* 






























• O^HWOOOOt-O 
.■>*OI>COt-<OOC-lO 
.CO»QlOCSCS©©C-X 

♦ CS* CO* "*n' ©' CO O* O* b-' CS 

HH r-l CS 


c» 






























! ! '. 






2C.000 
23.702 
30.476 


. -+J *a -*^ — ' 

•3ZIS g fljq«-fl_. j = . _• fl _• 

axvw * op83Ss s s »8 3 
-ixoaaav 1 £ . 1 «-*- «*~ <» «~ +* » <~ 


•re via 


t 


^t-coco^iftt-cst-cscowiokftcsoesico^t-r-io 

co©x©h*cs©c; t-©-*cocs©cscot-©0"*^-co 

W»flPl«««HrtHHHHHOOOOOOOO 


•aonvo ooHiNn-<n»?ot-oodsO'-««'*ioct»ooo>OH« 
aam | |° rtr HH^H^r.H.HHCsccs 





4-1 



HARTMANSTEELCO.Ld. 

OFFICE and WORKS, 

BEAVER FALLS, • PA. 

Western Office and Warehouse, 

72 WEST LAKE ST., Chicago, 111. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



OPEN HEARTHUBESSEMER 



OP EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

Market Were, Fence Wire, 
Hay Bale Ties. 

STEEL WIRE NAILS, 

— AND 

CAST STEEL WIRE BRADS. 

The Originators and Largest Manufacturers of 

STANDARD WIRE NAILS, 

to replace u Common Cut." 
See opposite page, for Sample Card. 




D 







ns im 




THE PUBLISHERS having made every effort to make 
this Book an acceptable gift to the Dealer to whom it is 
sent, would be pleased to receive in reply a Postal Card 
acknowledgment of its having safely arrived. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



fl 

R 
% 
i 



O 

Q. 






Q 



CD 

Hi 



CO 

yj 

M 
CO 



go 

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02 


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llo ;::::: 






NO5C0 


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fl« MWM ».^'. WM «^ M «^«« MMM ««M 


Hrm-H1HHW(M!M(M«WCO-»t('*10»0«0«Ot-aOCi 




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th ^3 

b ° 

|~| i-H 


Barbed 

Oval-Head 

Car Nail. 


>»| :::::: 

£M ©HOt-!0010Mn««HHH 

0) i-H r-l rH 

II :::::: 


•£ 1 iJtCq^CTiMCMt-t-MHOOHt-Ki 

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44 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



DIFFERENT STANDARDS FOR WIRE GAUGE IN USE 
IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Dimensions of Sizes, in Decimal Parts of an Inch. 



•II 


American, 

or Brown & 

Sharpe. 


Birming- 
ham, or 
Stubs's. 


1 Washb'n & 
1 Moen Mfg. 
1 Co.,Worces- 
1 ter, Mass. 


Trenton 

Iron Co., 

Trenton, 

N.J. 


. 1 G. W. Pren- 

: tiss, Hol- 
yoke, Mass. 


Old English 

from Brass 

[ Mfrs'. List. 


o to 

Is 


000000 






.46 






000000 


00000 




. . . 


.43 


.45 










00000 


0000 


.46 


.454 


.393 


.4 










ocoo 


000 


.40964 


.425 


.362 


.36 


.3586 








000 


00 


.3648 


.38 


.331 


.33 


.3282 








00 





.32495 


.34 


.307 


.305 


.2994 











1 


.2893 


.3 


.283 


.285 


.2777 








1 


2 


.25763 


.284 


.263 


.265 


.2591 








2 


3 


.22942 


.259 


.244 


.245 


.2401 








3 


4 


.20431 


.238 


.225 


.225 


.223 








4 


5 


.18194 


.22 


.207 


205 


.2047 








5 


6 


.16202 


.203 


.192 


.19 


.1885 








6 


7 


.14428 


.18 


.177 


.175 


.1758 








7 


3 


.12849 


.165 


.162 


.16 


.1605 








8 


9 


.11443 


.148 


.148 


.145 


.1471 








9 


10 


.10189 


.134 


.135 


.13 


.1351 








10 


11 


.090742 


.12 


.12 


.1175 


.1205 








11 


12 


.080808 


.109 


.105 


.105 


1065 








12 


13 


.071961 


.095 


.092 


.0925 


.0928 








13 


14 


.064084 


.083 


.08 


.08 


.0816 


.083 


14 


15 


.057068 


.072 


.072 


.07 


.0726 


.072 


15 


16 


.05082 


.065 


.063 


.061 


.0627 


.085 


16 


17 


.045257 


.058 


.054 


.0525 


.0546 


.058 


17 


IS 


.040303 


.049 


.047 


.045 


.0478 


.049 


18 


19 


.03589 


.042 


.041 


.04 


.0411 


.04 


19 


20 


.031961 


.035 


.035 


.035 


.0351 


.035 


20 


21 


.028462 


.032 


.032 


.031 


.0321 


.0315 


21 


22 


.025347 


.028 


.028 


.028 


.029 


.0295 


22 


23 


.022571 


.025 


.025 


.025 


.0261 


.027 


23 


24 


.0201 


.022 


.023 


.0225 


.0231 


.025 


24 


25 


.0179 


.02 


.02 


.02 


.0212 


.023 


25 


26 


.01594 


.018 


.018 


.018 


.0194 


.0205 


26 


27 


.014195 


.016 


.017 


.017 


.0182 


.01875 


27 


28 


.012641 


.014 


.016 


.016 


.017 


.0165 


28 


29 


.011257 


.013 


.015 


.015 


.0163 


.0155 


29 


30 


.010025 


.012 


.014 


.014 


.0156 


.01375 


30 


31 


.008928 


.01 


.0135 


.013 


.0146 


.01225 


31 


32 


.00795 


.009 


.013 


.012 


.0136 


.01125 


32 


33 


.00708 


.008 


.011 


.011 


.013 


.01025 


83 


34 


.006304 


.007 


.01 


.01 


.0118 


.0095 


34 


35 


.005614 


.005 


.0095 


.0095 


.0109 


.009 


35 


36 


.005 


.004 


.009 


.009 


.01 


.0075 


36 


37 


.004453 




.0085 


.0085 


.0095 


.0065 


37 


38 


.003965 


.... 


.008 


.008 


.009 


.00575 


38 


39 


.003531 





.0075 


.0075 


.0083 


.005 


39 


40 


.003144 


.... | 


.007 


.007 


.0078 


.C 


ME 




40 



45 



MONTGOMERY <fc CO 




IMPORTERS OS 

Stain 1 Files, Tools and steel y 

GROBET SWISS FILES, 
Chesterman's Measures, 

HtJBEET'S FRENCH EMSSF PAPER, 
ECESE SHOE MAGNETS, ETC. 

W. SMITH & SON'S 

Celebrated Music Wire. 

French Sheet Steel 34 in. Wide 
from i to 65 Thousandths. 

Machinists', Silversmiths', Jewelers 5 , Die Sinkers' and Sewing 
Machine Manufacturers' 



105 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK. 



GEO. W. MONTGOMERY; 



GEO. W. CHURCH. 



E.J. MITCHELL & CO., 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



LEATHER PUMP PACKINGS, 




AND ALL KINDS OF LEATHER, RUB BEE, AND FIBRE 

WASHERS, 

FOR PLUMBING AND MECHANICAL USE. 

633 and 635 Van Buren St, - Brooklyn, N. Y. 



v 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



FROM BROWN & SHARPE. 

TABL.TC OF DECIMAL KQUIVAIjE^TS, 

of 8ths, 16ths, 32nds and 64tns of an Inch. 

FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH 



8ths. 


32nds. 


64ths. 


64ths. 


i=.125 


^-=.03125 


^=.015625 


fj=. 515625 


i=.250 


ft=;. 09375 


/ 4 -=. 046875 


M=. 546875 


f=.375 


A=. 15625 


&=. 078125 


|i= . 578125 


^=.500 


bV=. 21875 


&=. 109375 


tt=. 609375 


§=.625 


-h= .28125 


/ 4 =. 140625 


Ji=. 640625 


5=.750 


tt=- 34375 


H=. 171875 


££=.671875 


£==.875 


41=. 40625 


H=. 203125 


£f=. 703125 


16ths. 


J£=. 46675 


45=. 234375 


H=. 734375 


tV=.0625 


Ji=. 53125 


H=.&65625 


^=.765625 


iV=.1875 


if =.59375 


H=. 296875 


$±=.796875 


A=.3125 


§£=. 65625 


£±=.328125 


t}$=. 828125 


T 2 6==.4375 


||= . 71875 


p=. 359375 


g£=. 859375 


iV=.5625 


^f=. 78125 


|f=. 390625 


j|=. 890625 


H=-6875 


H=r". 84375 


|J=. 421875 


£f=. 921875 


jf=.8125 


tf=. 90625 


|J=. 453125 


§t=. 953125 


«=.9375 


H=. 96875 


3i=. 484375 


£J=. 984375 



TABLE OF DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS 

OF MILLIMETERS AND FRACTIONS OF MILLIMETERS, 

FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH 



mm. Inches. 

^=.00079 
.00157 
.00236 
.00315 
.00394 
.00472 
.00551 
.00630 
.00709 
.00787 
.00866 
.00945 
.01024 
.01102 
.01181 
.01260 
.01339 
.01417 
.01496 



5 U~ 

ft= 

A= 
A= 

JL - 
5 0" 

50" 
9 - 

"5 0" 
10- 

W- 

12- 
5 0" 
13- 
5 

14: 

50 



1 0- 
50 

1 ": 
50 
IS. 
5 0- 



2 0. 
5"iT- 
21. 
B" 0" 

S_ii- 
5 0" 
2_±- 

5 o" 

2_5- 
5 0" 
2Ji- 
5 0" 

2.7. - 

5 0" 



mm, Inches, 

01575 
01654 
01732 
,01811 
,01890 
01969 
02047 
02126 
,02205 
,02283 
,02362 
.02441 
,02520 
,02598 
.02677 
.02756 
.02835 
.02913 
.02992 



2.y_ — 

5 0~~ 

so. — 

50 

ILL — 
5 

22.— 
5 

2.2.— 
5 U 

2A— 
5 

2A— 
5 

5 

21 

5 

2« 

50 

10 mm. = 
10 cm. = 
10 dm. = 
25.4 mm. 



mm, Inches. 

H=. 03071 

Jg=. 03150 

ii=. 03228 

JJ=. 03307 

^=.03386 

ij=. 03465 

i%=. 03543 

M=. 03622 

*J=. 03701 

J J=. 03780 

jjf=-. 03858 

.1=. 03937 

2=. 07874 

3=. 11811 

4=. 15748 

5=. 19685 

6=. 23622 

7=. 27559 

8=. 31496 



mm, Inches. 



9: 
10: 
11= 
12: 
13: 
14: 
15: 
16: 
17: 
18: 
19: 
20: 
21- 
22: 
23: 
24: 
25: 
26: 



.35433 
.39370 
.43307 
.47244 
.51181 
.55118 
.59055 
.62992 
.66929 
.70866 
.74803 
.78740 
.82677 
.86614 
.90551 
.94488 
.98425 
1.02362 



= 1 Centimeter = 0.3937 inches. 
= 1 Decimeter = 3.937 
= 1 Meter =39.37 

= 1 English Inch. 



47 



TERRY'S "LEADEE" 

Anti-Friction 
STEEL 




mm. 



Best Hanger Made. 

Is Unsurpassed for STRENGTH, 
EASE OF WORKING or SIM- 
PLICITY of CONSTRUCTION. 

Made of Steel and used on the 
Popular Terry Steel Rail. A. 
Ready Seller and full of Merit. 
Try Them. Write for Discounts. 
4-Inch Wheel, 6-foot run, per 
,,,., .., dozen pairs, - $15 00 

ill 5-Inch Wheel, 10-footrnn, per 

dozen pairs, - - 18 00 

IF NOT ON SALE BY YOUR JOBBER, WRITE 

TERRY MANUFACTURING CO. 



B^" Mention this Book. 



HORSEHEADS, Chemung Co., N. Y. 



ESTABLISHED 1818. 



THE 



INCORPORATED 1874. 



Gilbert & Benneii Mfg. Co 




WAREHOUSES : 

42 Cliff St, New York. 228 Lake St, Chicago, 111. 

MANUFACTURES of IKON and GALVANIZED WIEE 

Sieves and Wire Cloth, Power Loom Painted and Galvanized Window Screen 
Wire Cloth, Galvanized Wire Cloth for Drying Fruits, World's Galva- 
nized Web Wire Fence, Galvanized Twist Wire Poultry Netting. 

FACTORIES: - - GEORGETOWN, CONN. 



in 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



r 

Size, Weight, Length and Strength of Iron Wire. 




BIRMINGHAM WIRE GAUGE. 








<M 




1 


Direct Strain. 


to 
3 

o 

o 


u 

0) 
© 

I 

s 


*4 


o . 


c pq 

1-3 TH 


o . 
boo 


E o 


.5 a 

(—1 r 


Ko. 


Inches. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Yards. 


Yards. 


Sq. in, 


Lbs. 


5-0 


546 


161 CO 


2830 


39 


70 


163 


13070 


4-0 


425 


140 00 


2460 


45 


80 


142 


11350 


3-0 


394 


120 00 


2113 


£ 52 


93 


122 


9755 


2-0 


363 


102 00 


1794 


62 


110 


103 


8280 





331 


84 72 


1490 


74 


132 


086 


6880 


1 


300 


68 75 


1210 


91 


162 


071 


5650 


2 


280 


59 90 


1054 


105 


187 


062 


4930 


3 


260 


51 65 


909 


121 


215- 


053 


4250 


4 


240 


44 00 


775 


143 


255 


045 


3620 


5 


220 


37 00 


651 


170 


3C3 


038 


3040 


G 


200 


30 56 


538 


203 


361 


031 


2510 


rr 

i 


185 


26 15 


461 


239 


428 


0265 


2220 


-i 8 


170 


22 10 


389 


286 


509 


023 


1840 


% 9 


155 


18 36 


323 


342 


609 


0195 


1560 


10 


140. 


14 97 


264 


420 


747 


016 


1280 


11 


125 


11 95 


211 


529 


939 


0125 


1000 


12 


110 


9 24 


163 


700 


1244 


010 


800 


13 


095 


7 05 


124 


893 


1589 


0071 


v 568 


14 


085 


5 51 


97 


1142 


2031 


0057 


456 . 


15 


075 


4 29 


76 


1468 


2608 


0044 


352 ' 


1G 


065 


3 22 


57 


1954 


3473 


0033 


264 


17 


057 


2 48 


44 


2540 


4515 


0026 


208 


18 


050 


1 91 


34 


3150 


5600 


0020 


160 


19 


045 


1 55 


27 


4085 


7246 


0016 


128 


20 


040 


1 22 


21 


4912 


9168 


0013 


104 


21 


035 


94 


17 


6416 


11980 


0010 


80 


22 


030 


69 


12 


8736 


16300 


0007 


50 


Sizes] 


Express 


sed in Fractions of an Inch. 


15-32 in. —No 


. 5-0 full 


5-16 in.— No. 1 full. 


IS in —No. 11 


v 7-16 in.— No 


. 4-0 full 


9-32 in.— No. 2 


1-10 in —No. 13 full 


13-32 in.— No 


. 3-0 f ull 


1-4 in.— No. 3* 


1-1 2 in —No. 14 


3-8 in.— No 


. 2-0 full 


7-32 in. —No. 5 


1-16 in.— No. 16 


11-32 in.— No 


. Ofull 


3-16 in.— No. 7 


1-32 in.— No. 22 






5-32 in.— No. 9 





49 



READING HARDWARE CO., 

READING, PA., 

MANUFACTURERS OF* 

BUILDERS' HARDWARE, 

In Real Bronze, Brass and Bronzed Iron, 

IN VARIOUS FINISHES KNOWN AS 

GENEVA BRONZED, AMERICAN BRONZED, 
ALBION BRONZED, COPPER BRONZED, 

PERSIAN BR ONZED, GERMAN BRONZED, 
JAPANNED, ETC 

Registers, Ventilators, Borders, 

Apple-Parerfy Fiower-Pot Brackets, Scales, etc. 

WAREHOUSES : 

81 Reade St., New York. - 514 Commerce St., Philadelphia. 

C.P.LE6GETTMFG.C0.0FN.J. 

OFFICE AND FACTORY : 

201 to 207 EAST JEESET STEEET, ELIZABETH, H. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 

Porcelain, Jet, Mineral and Wood 

Door and Furniture Knobs. 

No Lead or Cement Used in Fas- 
tening Shanks and Knobs. 

This is the only Knob now on the mar- 
ket that cannot possibly become de- 
tached or come off without break- 
ing the knob. 

Highly Endorsed and Sold by the Lead- 
ing Hardware Houses of the United States 

COSTS no MORE than ORDINARY KNOBS, 
ASK YOUR DEALER FOR IT AND TAKE NO OTHER. 

PRICE-LISTS ON APPLICATION. 

NEW YORK OFFICE, 121 CHAMBERS STREET. 

C. P. LEGGETT Mfg. Co.. of IV. J. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Use of Wire in Telegraph Service. 

No. 4, much used on important lines whore the multiplex systems are in 
use. In the United States in the past few seasuLa largely replacing smaller 
sizes. 

About 3 per cent, of telegraph wire used in United States is No. 6. 

No. S, medium size for circuits not exceeding 400 miles. Most largely 
used in Uniti d States, new giving way to No. 4. 

No. 9 represents about one-half the wire in U. S Telegraph service. 

No. 10, shorter circuits, railway telegraph aud private lines in Unit.d 
States and Europe. 

Nob. 11 and 12, short circuits, police and fire a'arnv, telephone, etc. 

Nos. 14 to 16, short private lines and for telephone service, a low eteel 
being the material. 

XJse of Large Wire. 

Much of th^ new, and all of he most important 1'ne construction of the 
AY stern Union Telegraph Ccmpary, in the pas*t two or three seasons ha3 
called for No. 4 Wire in place of No. S and No. 9, as a ma ked tendency in 
advanced telegraph service. 

4t The charge of elect'ic ty measured by its po'ent'al. resides only on the 
surface of line wire and its an ount is detei mined hv the magnitude and 
form of the surface. A No. 8 wire has a surface of 22S 04 square fret to the 
nvle ; a No. 6 wire has 2S0.3T square feet." 

From all the evidence of the best tel< graph experts, the larger the wire 
the gr- ater the strength of the signal ihi.t can be transmitted trough it to 
any distance. 

Grades of Telegraph. Wire. 

Iron wire manufactured exclusively for te'egraphic service is known in 
the market in this country and abroad by tenns common to the trade as 
follows : 

Extra Best Best (E. B. B.) Made by improved continuous processes from 
the very be.-t iron. It stands highest of any t eh graph wire in conductivity, 
with a weight per mile ohm (*ee below), of from *6i to 5100 lbs. Very uni- 
form in quality, pure, tough and pliable. 

2 Be-^t Best (B. B ) Less uniform and tough than the above-named, but 
stands a good mechar ical test. " Weight per mile ohm." 5500 to 5800 lbs. 
Is largely us^ d by some telegraph companies and in railway telegraph 
service. 

3 " Best r (B ) A term almost indiscriminately applied to the lower grades 
of wire designed for electric service. A harder and less pliable wi.e, 
11 weight per mile ohm," about 6500. 

4 "Steel" (or Homogeneous metal) more expressly de-igned for short 
Tne Telephone service where a measure of conductivity can be exchanged 
for ten-ilo strengthen a light wire." ''Weight per mile ohm,"- 6000 to 
7000 lbs. 

Weight per Mile Oliass. 

This term is to bo understood as distinguishii g the resistance of material 
only, and means the weight of such material required per mile to give the 
r • istance < f » ne Ohm. To ascertain the mileage resistance of any wire, 
divide the u w«ight rer mile chm" by the weight of the wire per mile. 
T hr.s in a g.ade ( f Extra Best Best, or which the weight per mile ohm is 
given at the average of 4800, the mileage resistance of No. 4, (we'ght per 
mile TOT lbs ) would be about 6 ohms, and No. 14 steel wire 6600 lbs. weight 
per mile o!.m, (<=9 lbs weight per mil ) would show about T5 ohms. 

Measuring Weight of Live Cattle. 

An allowance of 23 lbs. to the superficial foot is made for cattle that girt 
from 5 to T feet ; from T to 9 feet, 31 lbs ; 16 lbs. for small cattle and calves 
th.-it girt fiom 3 to 5 fe^ t , and 11 lbs. to the superficial Toot for pigs, sheep, 
and cattle th:.t giit has than 3 feet. Rule: JMultipy the girt in inches, 
back of the tJionlder , by The length in inches from the square of the but- 
tock to a point ev< n with the point of the shoulder-blade, and divide by 144 
to find the superficial f> er : this re-ult multiplied by the number of lbs., al- 
lowed as above for ca.tle of different girt.*, will g'.ve the weight sought. 



51 



"Novelty" Dust Pan 

A Humane Invention. 




MADE OF ONE PIECE. 



Also a Triple Edge. 
Ain't this a " Daisy " ? 




Neat. Strong, Durable. Cheap. 




TRADEMARK REGISTERED— 

Is the recognized STANDARD ELBOW 

IN THE MARKET. 




Write for Prices and Discounts to 

LOCK SEAH ELBOW HAIUF'G €©., 

INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 



SOLE MFRS. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Wires of Various Metals Compared. 

The following table is given by Mr. David Kirkaldy, of London, to exhibit 
the tensile strength and resistance to tension of wiie made of various ma- 
terials. 





Pulling Stress 


p.er square inch 


Specimens Tested. 


Hard. Pounds. 


Annealed. 
Pounds. 


Copper 


63.122 

81.156 

65.S34 

65.321 

120.976 

159.515 

151.119 

13° 141 

120.90. 


37.002 


Brass 


51 550 


Charcoal Iron 


46. 60 


Coke Iron 


61.294 


Steel 


74.637 


Phosphor Bronze, No . 1 


5S.853 


'• « No. 2 


64.569 


•« " No. 3 


54.111 


44 " No. 4 


' 53.371 







Specimens Tested. 



Copper 

Brass 

Charco ' I. on... 

Coke Iron 

Steel 

Phosphor Bronze, No. 1. 

" " No. 2. 

" No. 3. 

44 " No. 4. 



Extension per cent. 



Annealed. Hard. 



34.1 

36.5 

28. 

17. 

10.9 

46.6 

42.8 

44.9 

42.4 



86.8 
14.7 
48. 
26. 

13.3 

15.8 
17.3 
13. 



No. twists 
in 5 inches. 



Annealed. 



96 
57 

87 
44 
79 
66 
60 
53 
124 



Of the eight pieces of steel tested three stood from 4j to 45 twists, a^4 
Ave stood from 1}4 to 4 twists. 



Relative Malleability of the Metals, 



1. Gold. 

2. Silver. 




Copper 

Silver 

Gold 


Spe< 

1.00 

.98 
1.13 


Iron 


5.63 


Lead 


10.76 



3. Copper. 

4. Tin. 



5. Platinum. 

6. Lead. 



7. Zinc, 

8. Iron. 



Specific Resistances of Metals. 



Mercury 50.00 

Palladium 5.50 

Platinum 6.78 

Tin Wire 6.80 

Zinc Wire 3.70 



Brass Wire 3.88 

German Silver Wire. 11.30 

Nickel Wire 7.70 

Calcium Wire 2.61 

Aluminium Wire.... 1.75 



List of Conductors and Non-Conductors, 

In which each substance named conducts better than that which 
precedes it ; the first being the best insulator, the last the best conductor 



1. Dry Air. 

2. Paraffine. 

3. Hard Rubber. 

4. Shellac. 

5. India Rubber. 

6. Gutta Percha. 

7. Sulphur. 



8. Glass. 

9. Silk. 

10. Dry Paper. 

11. Porcelain. 

12. Dry Wood. 

13. Dry Ice. 

14. Water. 



15. Saline Solu- 

tions. 

16. Acids. 

17. Charcoal or 

Coke. 

18. Mercury. 

19. Lead. 



20. Tin. 

21. Iron. 

22. Platinum. 

23. Zinc. 

24. Gold. 

25. Copper. 

26. Silver. 



When a wire of smair resistance and an insulator of great resistance 
are employed upon a line the highest excellence is secured, since the lower 
the resistance in the former the better is the transmission, and the higher 
the resistance in the latter the less the waste of the current. 



53 



@® 1® IlSMIHffli & mm - 
!|CTRA llOi«jfY^ lUGiB]lJgg 

ALL OUR AU3ER BITS ARE MADE OF SOLID CAST STEEL AND WARRANTED. 

'HIS Illustration represents our Auger Bits put up in Wood 
I Boxes with a rack to hold one Auger Bit of each size. This is 
a great convenience to Mechanics, as the Bits can be put away 
immediately after use, each Bit fitting into its own place. These 
Boxes would cost the Mechanic at least 50 cents without the Bits 





No. 10 set Extension-Lip Pattern, 32£ Quarters, $5.00 per set. 

C. E. JEHIIIGS & CO., 

79 and 81 Reade and 97 Chambers Streets, 

NEW YORK. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Table of Iron, Steel, Copper and Brass Wire. 

WEIGHT OF 100 FEET IN POUNDS. BIBMINGHAJVf WTEE GAUGE. 

Brass and Copper Wire from to 25 is numbered by Stubs' 
Gaugs. Fine Wire from No. 26 is numbered by- 
London Gauge. 



No. of 




PER LINEAL FOOT. 




Gauge. 




















Iron. 


Steel. 


Copper. 


Brass. 


0000 


54 62 


55 13 


62 39 


58 93 


000 


47 86 


48 32 


54 67 


51 64 


00 


38 27 


38 63 


43 71 


41 28 





30 63 


30 92 


34 99 


33 05 


1 


23 85 


24 07 


27 24 


25 73 


2 


21 37 


21 57 


24 41 


23 06 


3 


17 78 


17 94 


20 3 


19 18 


4 


15 01 


15 15 


17 15 


16 19 


5 


12 82 


12 95 


14 C5 


13 84 


6 


10 92 


11 02 


12 47 


11 78 


7 


8 586 


8 667 


9 807 


9 263 


8 


7 214 


7 283 


8 241 


7 783 


9 


5 805 


5 859 


6 63 


6 262 


10 


4 758 


4 803 


5 435 


5 133 


11 


3 816 


3 852 


4 359 


4 117 


12 


3 148 


3 178 


3 596 


3 397 


13 


2 S92 


2 414 


2 723 


2 58 


14 


1 826 


1 843 


2 085 


1 969 


15 


1 374 


1 387 


1 569 


1 482 


16 


1 119 


1 13 


1 279 


1 208 


17 


8915 


9 


1 018 


9618 


18 


6363 


6423 


7168 


6864 


19 


4675 


472 


534 


5043 


20 


3246 


T277 


3709 


3502 


21 


2714 


274 


31 


2929 


22 


2079 


2098 


2373 


2241 


23 


1656 


1672 


1892 


1788 


24 


1283 


1295 


1465 


1384 


25 


106 


107 


1211 


1144 


26 


0859 


0867 


0981 


0926 


27 


0678 


06§i> 


0775 


0732 


28 


0519 


0524 


0593 


056 


29 


0448 


0452 


0511 


0483 


30 


(382 


0385 


0436 


0412 


31 


0265 


0267 


0303 


0286 


32 


0215 


0217 . 


0245 


0231 


33 


0L7 


0171 


018*4 


0183 


34 


013 


0131 


0148 


014 


35 


0066 


0067 


0076 


0071 


36 


0042 


0042 . 


0048 


0046 



55 



J. WISS & SONS, 

Manufacturers of 

Only Best Quality Japanned ^Nickle-Plated 




Large Assortment and Full Line of 

TAILORS' SHEARS, STRAIGHT AND BENT TRIMMERS, 
BANKER AND PAPER SHEARS, LADIES' SCISS- 
ORS, BARBER SHEARS, TINNERS' SNIPS, 
PRUNING SHEARS, ETC., ETC. 




All Goods Warranted to lie of the Very BEST QUALITY anfl FINISH; 

Sold by all the Principal Dealers in the United States. 



j. wiss & SONS, 

ITEWAE-K, - - - 3ST. J. 

Send for Price Lists and Discounts, 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE OF WEIGHTS, 

Bhft timated Number ol Pound* oi Barbed WireBeqnired 

to Pence Space 01 Diatancef Mentioned* with 

(): 01 Three Strand** 






1 H'juar< 

J Hi 'I'- of ;x Bqtlfttt 
1 Hrjuarc Half-A' | 
] Square M 

] Bod in L*Hgtll 
100 H 



57.0 

1440 

wo 

7 



10*. 






lie 

n 

720 

14 






:j H7 1tA«I>M. 



2 J 



10m. 



Wh 






are placed 


■ 


pOfti OOft J2^',. MCbfSOd RrltfMUld 




for OIM r/Jll<: Of f':r.' 


1 0, for galvanized. 


I KKT. 


W,;-. '^-"* 


W/rtK. 




4 Htka- 


. 8 


WO 


:joo 






10 






ieo 


11 


44'; *;< 




7H 


160 07 


l*H 






124 M 




90 






117 40 


J 45 H 




2)2 




110 74 


1M 




170 




100 I', 


1* 22 


:j:j 


100 J)< 


:joo 


104 r/j 


132 15 



Number of wires and DletAuee* Between Poetic 

Although ;< oi '' 

Mnioaiid uo Ion than threat ifid M tir&ir,- 
rabto, / ■ need bjmeanj an Hm 

oi<;*. 

(Ueteiieei *;>aa *t Nrbien Mm irir#a are gerj< 
fenee t \ i 

7 &r«* " $r£ /';/</;';, 1 §1 v, ; | • i wire 4H 1 1 

-0. 
4tb v. 

alejf ttreiid niftj &• B§ed iritn /0ttf pain/ 

-.': hva'.hi r,-, tuei arle* a« follow* : 

r /«rf A./'//-. In Main*, Hew EUmp#lrir«, MaaiiacfaiJaetU, Delaware 

/ a//// a half feet /<• rmont, Bboda i 

vr Jeraey.. 
noii, Wiaco //wa, ')';)mw m , K Nebraaka, I 

,u and 'Hah. 
/ee< lo Peona/lrai 
Una, Hon* tlaergla, Alabama, Florida, Mlaali ; <;xan, Ar- 



5/ 



J&.2&JD 



BARKER, RATCHET, 
EMPIRE, Ball and Toy 

BIT BRACES. 

WROUGHT-STEEL 

U| jDoor ZE3Ia,:rLgrers. 

RUST-PROOF 

*~ Rapid Transit and "S" 
Wrenches, etc. 



to. 31 & 33 

Lloyd St., 

MAID, I.!. 



Bit Braces and Hardware Specialties. 



Catalogues and Price-Lists Furnished on Application, 



HEW Y01K CiPIIIG P1ESSE 




T. SHBIVEE <fc CO., 

333 East 56th Street, New York. 

Manufacture COPYING PRESSES OF ALL SIZES AND EVEBY STYLE OF 
FINISH, for Railroad, Express and Transportation Com- 
panies and general mercantile use. 

Priced Catalogues and Discounts on Application. 






HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Furnisned by JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS CO., 

WIRE STANDARD HOISTING ROPES, 

With 19 Wires to the Strand. 
, Trad£ Numbers, Sizes, Weight and Strength. 



IRON. 



10 

iO* 
10 V{ 
10* 



Diameter. 



2... 
■IX. 
• 1». 

IX 

ljf. 

.IX 

.1 . 



...X. 
.9-16. 



Circumfer- 
ence in 

inches. 



6X 

6.. 



5)4 
.5.. 

4?4 
.4% 



,4.. 
3X 



*X- 
23^. 
2... 

1%. 
1#. 



Weight 

per foot in 

lbs- of | 

Rope with 

Hemp Cen 

...8.00... 



Breaking 

strain in 

tons of 

2,"M) 
P »uuds. 



...6 30 65. 

...5.25 54. 

..4.10 .....44. 

...3.-65... ...3->. 

...3.00 ..(...33. 
...2.50 ..!.. 27. 
. ..2.0m... ...20. 



.1.58.. 

.1.20.. 

0.88.. 

0.70.. 
.0 44.. 
.0.35.. 



...16 ... 
...llj£.. 
....8.64. 
....5.13. 

4.27. 

....3.48. 



Proper 
working 
load in 
tons of 
L,(KHI lbs. 



io. . , 
13... 

11... 

9 
,.8 . 

6y>, 
,.5#, 



3 .. 



Circumfer- 
ence of 
Hemp 
Rope of 
equal str. 



Min. size 

of 
drum or 

sheave in 
feet. 



15#.. .. .S ... 

14V.L... 7..., 
13....' 6# 

.5.... 

..4 . 

..3X-. 
..3.... 
. 2%.. 
..2X.. 

...2.... 

...IX.-. 

,..1J£.. 



li .. 
,!:$£.. 

10fc.. 

.9^ . . 
s 



.6... 
.5 ... 
•4*.. 



,x, 



CAST STEEL. 



1. 



Diameter. 



Weight 
Circumfer- per foot in 
ence in lbs. of 
inches. Rope with 
Hemp Cen 



• 2#. 



6X. 

,6 .. 
5#. 

,5. . 



8.00, 



.6.30. 
.5.25. 
.4.10. 
.3.65. 
.2.50. 
.2 00. 
.1.58. 
.1.20, 
.0 88. 
.0.70. 
0.44, 
.0 35, 



Breaking 

strain in 

tons of '• 

2,000 

pounds 



130.. 
100.. 
.78.. 
.64.. 
.55.. 



Proper 
working 
load in 
tons of 
2,000 lbs. 



,26. 
,21. 

,17. 



Circumfer- 
ence of 
Hemp 
Rope of 
equal str. 



Min. size 

of 

drum or 

sheave in 

feet. 



.8.., 

.TH, 

.6 ., 
.5*. 



3.. 

4.. 

5.. 

6.. 

7.. 

8.. 

9.. 
10.. 
10* 
10* 



■IX. 

■Ifc. 

IX. 
itf. 

1>8. 
1... 

-X-. 



.4... 
3M 



2K 

23^. 

2... 



.30.. 
.24.. 
.20.. 



.6.. 

.5.. 
.4.. 



■15X. 
14^. 

.13^. 
.lltf. 
10.., 



9-16. 



1% 
IX 



13 .. 
.9... 
6X- 



.3... 
.2 
1# 



.9*. 
.8... 

.4X. 



■4*. 

.4.. 
.3X. 



.3* 
.3.. 
.2X 

,2.. 



Note.— The weights given are for Ilcmy Center R"pee. The weight of Wire 
Center Ropes is 10 per cent, luore than that for Ropes with llemp Centers. 

For safe working load, allow one-fifth to one-seventh of the ultimate 
strength, according to speed, to as to get good wear from the rope. When 
substituting wire rope for hemp rope, it is good economy to allow for the for- 
mer the same weigh* pe* foot which experience has approved for the latter. 



59 










The most perfect Anti-Friction Hanger in tbe Market, 




BECAUSE 

It is made of 
Steel through- 
out, except the 
wheel, which 
has a etee! axle, 
Itwillnotbreak 
It is practically 
free from v* ear, 
It is almost 
noiseless in ac- 
tion. It re- 
quires no oil. 
It has a broad 
bearing on the 
door and keeps 
in line. It is 
by far the most 
durable. It may 
be used with 
any track. It 
is always in 
order. 



Xj-ajnte-s ipatehstt track 

Is made of steel and is easily put in position. Catches and holds no snow or ice. 
Door hung thereon cannot jump the track. Is not subject to decay. Requires no 
fitting, but b ready at once. May be used with hangers of other manuf acture. 



LANE'S MEASURING FAUCET. 

PRIPE, $3.00. 

For Light or Heavy Molasses, Oils, Varnishes or other Fluids, 



We warrant these Faucets to 
to be as represented, measuring 
correctly and working more eas- 
ily in heavy molasses than any 
MeasuringFaucet in the market. 
No grocer can afford to be with- 
out them, for they save time, 
and "time is money." They in- 
sure perfect cleanliness, requir- 
ing no tin measures or funnel to 
collect dirt and draw flies. They 
do not drip. They prevent all 
waste, as no molasses or other 
fluid can pass except when the 
crank is turned. They are the 
embodiment of simplicity, and 
consequently they are always in 
order. They work easily in the 
heaviest molasses. They are war- 
ranted to measure correctly, ac- 
cording to U, S. Standard. 




Manufactured 



LAITE BUOS, 



Exclusively by 

-* Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

GENERAL AGENCY, 

JOHN H. GBAHAM It CO., 113 Chambers St., New York. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



!3 



TABLE 

SHOWING THE DIAMETER IN DECIMALS OF AN INCH, AND THE 
NUMBER OF FEET IN ONE POUND OF EACH GAUGE IRON 
WIRE, AS DRAWN BY THE UNITED STATES MANUFACTURERS. 



No. 


Decim'ls 
of inch. 


Feet in pound. 


No. 


Decim'ls 
of inch. 


Feet in pound. 


000 


.362 


2.873 


15 


.072 


72.984 


00 


.331 


3.444 


16 


.063 


95.396 





.323 


3.619 


17 


.054 


129.873 


1 


.253 


4.698 


18 


.047 


172.401 


2 


.263 


5.444 


19 


.040 


222.222 


3 


.244 


6.333 


20 


.033 


301 249 


4 


.225 


7.460 


21 


.030 


370.036 


5 


.207 


8.809 


22 


.026 


476.190 


6 


.192 


10.270 


23 


.022 


640.74 


7 


.177 


12.047 


24 


.020 


879.03 


8 


.162 


14.365 


25 


.017 


1189.71 


9 


.148 


17.238 


26 


.015 


1485.62 


10 


.135 


20.698 


27 


.014 


1872.71 


11 


.120 


26.174 


28 


.012 


2361.42 


12 


.105 


34.254 


29 


.011 


2978.91 


13 


.092 


44.655 


30 


.010 


3754.83 


14 


.080 


59.174 









TABLE 

SHOWING CORRESPONDING SIZES OF SIDES' STEEL WIRE OR 
RODS, TO THE DIVISIONS OF AN INCH. 



N03. 2 



12 



7-323-16 



21 



5-32 



28 30 



9-64! l_8 



35 



7-64 



42 



3-32 



48 



5-64 



52 56 



1-16 3-64 



61 



1 32 



MESH OF COAL SCREENS. 



USED BY THE PRINCIPAL COAL DEALERS. 

2 J, 2j and 2 inch Screens Furnace Coal. 



If and 1 1 
li and 1 
J and | 
i and | 



3-16 



Stove out of Egg Coal. 
Nut out of Stove " 
Stove Coal. 
Nut " 
Pea " 
Brickmakers' Dust. 



61 



Knight's New Mechanical Dictionary. 

A Description of Tools, Instruments, Machines, Processes and Engineering. 

WITH INDEXICAL, REFERENCES to TECHNICAL JOURNALS. (1876-1880.) 

BY EDWARD H. KNIGHT, A. M„ LL.D f 



THE RIVERSIDE PRESS, 



CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 



The march of mechanical im >rov anient in the five years that have elapsed since the com- 
pletion of Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary renders it necessary to issue another 
volume, to keep the work abreast of the v times. Thejtwo great exhibitions, at Philadel- 
phia and Paris— with each 6f which the uuthDr was o'mcUlly connected as delegate or com- 
missioner and as a member of the respective juries — have brought forward a world of new 
matter ; and the records of our own Patent Office, as well as the testimony of our technical 
journals, bear witness to the fact that at no period has invention boen more fertile, more 
brilliant, or more important. To be complete in Four Sections, of 240 pages each, at $2 per 
Section.— If there is no agent in your vicinity, write to the publishers and they will direct 
an agent to call on you or see that you are supplied. 

HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., Boston, Mass. 

HnfH IKanufflrkFing (jompflng's 

IMPROVED SHIP AUGERS 

AND SHIP AUGER BITS. 




These goods are produced from a special steel by NEW AND IMPROVED 
MACHINERY, and the labor is performed by skilled mechanics who have made the 
manufacture of these goods a special study for many years — thus enabling us to* 
place upon the market Ship Augers SUPERIOR TO ANY EVER BEFOFE MADE. 
They are so finished as to bore endwise or with the grain as readily as acros it,, 
or through the knottiest timber without swerving. 

ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF CAR BITS AND A FULL 
LINE OF BORING TOOLS. 



•3 



SNELL MANUFACTURING CO 

FISKDALE, MASS. 

SATES & WILSON, SOLS A&ENTS, 30 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW TOUT, 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE 



SHOWING AVERAGE WEIGHT PER FATHOM, ADMIRALTY TEST, AND 
SIZES OF CHAINS REQUIRED FOR VESSELS, ACCORDING TO THEIR 
REGISTERED TONNAGE. FOR LOW DECK VESSELS ADD ONE FIFTH 
TO THE TONNAGE. 



Size. 


Common Coil 

Weight 

in 100 feet. 


Proved . 
Av'g Weight 
per Fathom 


Size of 
Hope. 


Inches. 


Stud. 


Short 
Link. 


Inches. 


3-16 

5 16 

% 
7-16 

Yz 

9-16 

% 

11-16 

k 

13-16 

% 
15-16 
1 

1 1-16 

1J* 

1 3-16 

2& 
1 5-16 

IK 

1 T-16 

IX 

1 9-16 

1% 

1 11-16 

1 13 16 

1% 
1 15-16 


50 
80 
100 
140 
210 
265 
320 
420 
500 
590 
680 
790 


*33' 

33 

43 

5) 

53 

65 

72 

80 

89 

98 

110 

118 

128 

133 

150 

161 

175 

188 

200 

215 

230 

250 

290 


4 
6 
7 
9 

12 
15 
19 
25 
3 

35 

40 

46 

5i 

61 

69 

76 

85 

95 

104 

1-15 

125 

135 

14S 

160 


1 
4 

4M 

5# 

7 
1\ 

10 

10% 

nx 

12 

12% 

u% 

15 

15^ 

16 

16X 

"* 

18 

19 # 
90 
21 
22 


2K 1 







Proof. 



Chle 
Chain 



3 

4 



o 
6 

8 
10 

12 
14 
16 
18 
20 
23 
26 
2S 
30 
34 
37 
41 
44 
48 
52 
56 
60 
64 
68 
72 
SO 



Crane 
Chain. 



1* 

o 

3 
4 





6 

8 
10 
12 
14 
16 
IS 
23 
26 
23 
3) 
3t 
37 
41 
44 
48 
52 



3 
o 

en . 

ft SJ 

55 



30 

50 
75 

100 

100 

110 

130 

160 

200 

240 

280 

320 

360 

400 

440 

500 

550 

600 

700 

850 

1,000 

1,150 

1,300 

1,450 

1 ,600 

2,000 

2,500 



150 
200 
300 
400 
500 
600 
70) 
800 
900 

i,;oo 

1,30.) 
1,450 
1,600 
1,750 
1,900 
2,100 
2,300 
2,5 
2,70.) 
2,900 
3,H0 
3,30D 
3,500 
3,70') 
3,900 
4,300 
4,700 



% inch and smaller chains are made of full size iron; all other sizes exact, 
Tested to the English Admiralty Standard. 



German Coil Chain. 



1 l__2J 3_ 

19 I U% I 11# 



8% I 7 I 4% 



Wire Gauge | 5| 6 | 7 | 8 J 9 | 10 | 11 | 1 2 

Number .. ...... j 000 |_00_|_0_ 

Weight, in lbs. of 100 feet. . . |" 37 | 30# | 24 

Breaking Strength j 695 j 580 | 520 | 488 | 360 | 322 



63 



|13_ 



TRAVERS BROTHERS, 

107 DTJANE St. and 16 THOMAS St. , 

2iTE3Vs7" TORE. 
Manufacturers and Sole Agents for 

fm\m%n%$Qnvte§ 

BRAIDED EDGE 
MEXICAN HAMMOCKS. 

PEEELESS HAMMOCK SPEEADEES, 
ANCHOE HAMMOCK EOPES, 

LIBERTY MILLS 

TWINES and CORDS, 

Harmony Ml Twines ana Cords, 

Peerless Sea Island Twines, 

GEM SEA ISLAND and COTTON TWINES, 

Peerless Hammock Hooks. 



AGENTS FOR. 

THE SEVER LAKE COMPANY'S 

SOLID BRAIDED 

SASH CORDS AND LINES. 






Office and Salesrooms, 

107 Duane st. and 1 6 Thomas St., 

NEW YORK CITY. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



APPROXIMATE WEIGHT and STRENGTH of CORDAGE. 

Furnished by L. Waterbury & Co., New York City. 



Circum- 
ference in 
inches. 


Diameter 

in 
inches. 


Weight of 

100 fat'ms 

or 600 ft. 

in lbs. 


Weight 
of 100 
Fat'ms, 
Tarred 
in lba. 


Strength 
of New 
Kopes, 
in lbs. 


No. of feet in 1 lb. 


6 thd. 


1 3 * in. 


12 


17 


f,40 


50 feet 




9 " 


i " 


18 


24 


780 


33 


t< 


4 in. 


12 " 


5 n 


24 


34 


1000 


25 


II 




15 " 


3 it 


30 


45 


1289 


20 


(t 




1£ in. 


T5 


37 


50 


1562 


17 


l< 


8 in. 


n " 


| " 


46 


55 


2250 


13 


(( 




ii « 


T 9 5 " 


65 


85 


3062 


9 


CI 


3 in. 


2 " 


5 <C 

5 


80 


100 


4000 


7 


It 


6 in. 


2h " 


1 " 


98 


125 


P0O0 


6 


(1 




2* « 


ii " 


120 


155 


0250 


5 


ii 




2| •• 


7 4< 


142 


190 


7500 


4 


ii 


3 in. 


3 " 


1 " 


170 


225 


9000 


3 


ii 


6 in. 


Zi " 


WS " 


200 


265 


10500 


3 


It 




3£ - 


li " 


230 


300 


12250 


2 


11 


7 in. 


3£ " 


li ■« 


271 


3S0 


14000 


2 


ii 


3 in. 


4 " 


ItV" 


310 


405 


16000 




II 


11 in. 


4 x u 


If " 


346 


455 


18U62 




tl 


8 in. 


*i " 


H " 


390 


010 


20250 




ii 


6 in. 


43 « 


1 9 a 


435 


575 


22500 




It 


5 in. 


5 " 


If " 


480 


640 


25000 




t< 


3 in. 


5* « 


1| " 


581 


775 


30250 




ti 




6 " 


2 " 


678 


930 


36100 






105 in. 


H " 


H " 


797 


1075 


42250 






9 in. 


7 " 


2± " 


920 


1245 


49000 






7§ in. 


7i " 


2* " 


1106 


1405 


56250 






6$ in. 


8 " 


2f " 


1265 


1600 


64000 






bh in. 


8^ " 


2| « 


1420 


1780 


72250 






5 in. 


9 " 


3 " 


1572 


2030 


8L000 






4^ in. 


n gt 


3i «« 


1760 


2285 


90250 






4 in. 


10 •« 


3# " 


1951 


2550 


100000 






U in. 



The relative strength of Manila to Sisal is about as 7 is to 5 ; or Manila 
is about 25 per cent, stronger than Sisal. Hawser-laid Hope will weigh 
one-sixth less. 



Number of Bailroad Spikes Used to One Mile of Track. 



Size 


Average 


Ties 2 feet between centers, 


Rail used, 


measured 


No. per keg 


4 spikes per tie makes 


weight 


under head. 


of 200 lbs. 


per mile. 


per yard. 


SIVg 


375 


5870 lbs=29i kegs. 


45 to 70 


5 x T % 


400 


5170 " --=26 " 


40 to 56 


5 xi 


450 


4660 " =23i " 


35 to 40 


Uxh 


530 


3960 " =20 " 


28 to 35 


4 xh 


600 


3520 il =i7| " 


24 to 35 


4 Xi5 


680 
720 


3110 " =15i •« 
2910 " =14| " 


\ 20 to 30 


«H x t'u 
4 x£ 


900 
1000 


2350 " =11 " 
2090 " =10£ " 


| 16 to 25 


3"xg 


1190 
1240 


1780 " = 9 fcl 

1710 " = 8^ " 


\ 16 to 20 


2^x^ 


1342 


1575 " = 7£ " 


12 to 16 



SEE PAGE 119. 



65 



Established 1855. Centennial Award 1876. 

KEYSTONE WORKS. 




T 



MANUFACTURER OF 
SOLID CAST STEEL 





-AND- 



DRAINAGE TOOLS, 

Quality and Finish Guaranteed, 



We make Drain Gleaners, 

jVI^I^ sizes. 

Cast-Steel fire Potato Scoops. 
MalleaWe Iron Screeuii Scoops. 

Shovel, Spade and Fork Handles. 
Coal Hods, Well Buckets, Chamber 
Pails, Ash Cans and Ash Bar- 
rels, Stove Shovels, Pokers, 
Pans, Etc. 

NOS. 511, 513 & 515 LOCUST ST, 

Philadelphia, Pa, U.S. A. 

Send for Price List. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



?«j * ' ■ ■ 



OYAL SLIDE VISES. 

SIZES Off SCREWS AND LENGTH OP JAWS. 



Nos. 



00 







H 



I iK 



3 I 3K I 4 I 4« 



Sizes of Screws inches | 3^ 

Length of Jaws inches | 2~~ | 2% 

Weight, pounds | ■?% | 11 | 18 | 29 | 36^ [ 54 

SOLID BOX VISES. 

LENGTH OF JAW TO EACH SIZE MANUFACTURED. 
Nos | 35|4l> 1 45 | 50 j 55 | 6'J | 65 | 70 | 75 j 80 j 85 | 90 



Length of Jaws 
inches 



3% 



4¥ 



*K 



±% 



5#l5# 



5% 



Weight, pounds 
(about) 



5*T 



5% 



35 



40 



45 



53 



55 I 60 65 



TO 



75 



SO 



85 



90 



SOLID BOX VISES.— (Continued.) 



Nos 


| 95 | 100 | 110 | 120 | 130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 200 


Length of Jaws 
inches 


5% 


6 


6 6% 


6^ 


7 


7 


T# 


7# 


1% 


1% 


8 


Weight,pounds 
(about) 


95 


100 


110 


120 


130 


140 


150 


160 


170 


180 


190 


209 



Rope and Iron Strapped Tackle Blocks. 

DIAMETER OF SHEAVES, AND SIZE OF ROPE TAKEN BY EACH. 



Length of Blocks, inches. 



6 



8 



Diameter of Wheels, 



I * X A I 3 I SKI 4fc|.6 



Diameter of Rope, 



x\ 



Length of Blocks, 



inches. 



10 11 12 



Diameter of Wheels, 



I 5«l *% 



8 



Diameter of Rope, 



iK I iK I IK 



Thick Mortise Blocks. 



Length of Blocks, inches. | 9 10 11 12 



15 



Diameter of Wheels, 



I % I 6# | 7J* | 8 



Diameter or Rope, 



IJil *X\ US I 1* I 



Size of Fry Pans. 



,No. 



4 | 5 



8 



Size across top. | 8 | 8& | 9 | 9j.| 10; | 11± | 12 | 13 | 14 inch. 



67 



I 



"WESTERN" FILES 

BEST CAST STEEL FILES, 

WARRANTED TO BE UNEQUALLED IN THE MARKET, 

FOR SAIiE BY 
THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 



P 




All Descriptions of Files 



MADE TO OEDEE. 



WESTERN FILE CO., Limited, 

BEAVER FALLS, 



PENNSYLVANIA, 



13 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



CO 



P-H 

P-H 
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HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Standard Sizes of Circular Saw Mandrels, 



No. 


u 

CD 

CD 

2 

• r-l 


CD 

I— H 
l— H 

J3 

Ph 

o 


O 

CD 

o 

CJ 


CD 
P4 


Diameter 
of Flange. 


O 

PI 

CD 
Hi 




Diameter 
of Shaft. 


Size of 

Hole 

in Saw. 


1 


n 


ins. 


3^ 


ins. 


2h ins. 


14 


ins. 


1 1-16 in 


1 in. 


2 


3 






<< 


3 " 


16 


<< 


I 3-16 " 


U " 


3 


Sh 




4* 


<< 


3| " 


18 


(< 


1 5-16 " 


l| « 


4 


4 




5 


a 


4 " 


20 


u 


1 7-16 " 


1 5-16 " 


5 


4^ 




5^ 


a 


4J « 


22 


n 


1 7-16 " 


15-16 " 


6 


5 




6 


it 


5 " 


24 


n 


1 7-16 " 


13 CC 

8 


7 


51 




6* 


a 


5* " 


26 


u 


1 7-16 " 


13 « 


8 


6 




7 


CI 


6 " 


28 


(« 


1 9-16 " 


IJ 


9 


7 




8 


<< 


6 " 


32 


(( 


1 '11-16" 


If « 


10 


8 




8 


<< 


6 " 


36 


<< 


1 13-16" 


1^ 



TV hen Ordering Circular Saws, 

The following directions should be explicitly given 

Diameter of Saw in inches. 

Thickness (or Gauge) of Saw at Rim. 

Thickness (or Gauge) of Saw at Centre. 

Log side, right or left hand, saw cutting towards you. 

Number of Teeth in Saw. 

Kind and number of Tooth. 

Size of mandrel hole. 

Size of pin hole. 

Distance between pin holes from centre to centre. 



Standard Gauges for Circular and Mill Saws. 



Gauge. 
No. 4, 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 



i 

32 

■16 
•16 
32 
■32 
i 



inch, scant. 



full, 
scant. 

scant, 
full. 



Gauge. 
No. 11, 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 



3-32 
3-32 
5-64 
5-64 
1-16 



inch, 



scant. 
fulL 
scant. 
full, 
scant, 
full. 



71 



A tt&ttGt 





IS 



Lindley M. Elkinton's 





Pressed Cakes, $1.25 per dozen. 

Old Dry Blocks, 10 cents per block. 

Bars of Palm, 20 cents per pound. 



TEST? FOB TOILET SOAP: 

Place the tongue on the Soap for one or two minutes, if a stinging 
sensation is felt, such Soap is not proper to use on the skin. 

Xj- ILvdl. IBIliIKIISTarOET, 
532 St. John Street, - Philadelphia, Pa. 

THE OLD ANU ONLY RELIABLE:. 

LATEST IMPROVED 
FORT WAYNE 




Sold. Em/tixelTT" on. its livdlexits. 

We have furnished these Machines to an ap- 
appreciative public for the past 12 years, dur- 
ing which time the demand for them has in- 
creased steadily and rapidly. 

Each Machine is Warranted to Give Perfect Satisfaction. 
We want this Machine repre- 
sented in every city and town, 
and will give liberal discounts 
to dealers or agents, and guaran- 
tee sale and satisfaction of them 

No. 1, Family .Size $ 8 00 

No. 2, Large Family 9 OO 

_^ No. 3, Hotel Size 10 00 

Write for Catalogue and Terms to 

Tie HOBTON MFG. CO., Port Wayne, Ind., U. S, A. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Standard Length of Cut of Hatchets and 
Bench Axes. 



Nos 






1 1 




1 


2 


1 3 


Shingling 






| . 3A 




1 


3£ 


| 4§ inches. 


Claw 






1 H 




1 


31 


| 4| inches. 


Half 






1 H 




1 


H 


| 4f inches. 


Lath 






! 2J 




1 


n 


| 3 inches. 




No 


.... 1 1 


1 2 | 


3 | 4 | 


5 


1 6 


1 7 | 


8 | 9 


Bench 


... |3J 


l**l 


5 i m i 


6 


1 6} | 71 | 8| | 9 inches. 



Weights of Washoe (Adz Eye) Picks. 





KAILBOAD PICK5. 








Nos 


1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 


6 


7 


8 


Weight 


5 | H | .6 | f -j | 7 | 


7* 


8 


8£ lbs. 


MINING OB DELATING PICKS. 




Nos | 1 


2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 


7 


8 


9 


Weight | 3 


13^! 4 | U | 5 | 5J | 


6 


H 


7 lbs. 


POLL PICKS. 




Nos | 1 


2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 


7 


8 


9 


Weight | 3£ 


4 | 4* \ 5 | 5H 6 | 


4 


7 


7J lbs. 



COAL PICKS. 



Nos 



Weight 



8* 



4£ | 5 | 6 ! 6£ lbs. 



Coes* (Genuine) Wrenches. 



WILL TAKE NUTS OF THE FOLLOWING SIZES 



Size of Wrench | 4 6 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 21 in. 



Size of Nuts.... | £ £ 



Ifl 2*1 2»l 8 



H in. 



Cast Steel Crowbars. 



Size Inches 



i 



i* 



1-*- ! 1-2 



Usual Weight Lbs. 



ii 



8 | 10 | 13 | 17 | 22 | 26 



Usual Length Inches | 44 | 48 j 52 | 55 | 58 | 66 | 72 



73 



T* 




£ 




ctf 




U) 


W 


Sh 


0! 







s 

05 


o> 


K 




N 

CD 


£0 




00 






HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



ra 



Molasses Gates, 



No. 



Inside Diamctci 



Boie. 



13-1! 



Ik 



1% 



IX 



I IX 



I 1H I 1 13-16 



John Wilson's English Butcher Knives, 

LENGTH OF BLADE OF EACH NO. 



No, 



0^6 



•Jo 



29 30 



Leucth j 4X 



5* | o^o 



6 | 6* inches. 



No. 



43 



44 45 46 



4S | 49 S6 



Lengih.. | 



i I 



9 | 10 | 11 



12 13 14 ins. 



Eley Bros.' (" E. B.") Percussion Caps 

AEE NTMBEKED IN THIS MANNEE : 



Smallest.. | No. | 9 | 24 j 10 | 11 | IS | 12 



13 



14 I ..Largest, 



English Gun Gauge. 

SIZTS EXWFSSTvD IN PARTS OF AN INCH. 



N umber. 



Bore 



Inch . . 



15-16 



\) j 11 | 15 | 19 | 25 | 35 | 52 | 90 | 140 | 3o0 
13-16 | * j 11-16 | % | 9-16 | * j 7-16 | % | 5-16 | * 



Skates. Inches.. 



The Sizes of Skates 

COMPABE WITH SIZES OF SHOES AS FOLLOWS : 
|~T^| _ S ~ 



8>i | 9 | 9* | 10 | 10* | 11 | 11* 



Shoes, No j9*l 11 |12y| 1 | 2^ j 4 | 5* j 7* \ 9 | 10* 

Plate and Bedstead Casters. 

SIZE, IN INCHES, OF WHEELS OF EACH. 



Plate. 



.No 



Size, 



1M 



5 

"i 3 7 



l_ 6 _l 

i 1 7-16 | 



IX 



Bedstead, Old No. 1 1%aj \ 1H.1 | 1H.2 | 2 in 1 
New" | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 



2jn 1 [ 2 in 2 
105 



2 in heavy. 



101 | 101 



Size, 



I IX I IX I IX I in I i; 



I 



Hatter's Size Measure. 

To obtain the correct size cf the head, nse a strip of paper— newspaper 
will ao. Draw it tightly arouLd the largest part of the head, and have the 
ends just meet. Then measure t^e length of the paper and the figures be- 
low will give von the size according to hatter's measure. An eighth of an 
inch either way will make no difference. These measures will answor for 
any style of hat or cap made : 



18K inches is 5J£ 

' . 6 

*% 

6fc 

6% 

6* 



19 
19% 
19 X 



20 K 
21 

81* 

21% 



6X 

.6% 



22# inches is 7 



22* 

23 

23% 

23,^ 

24 

24* 

25 

25# 



.7* 
.7* 

.7* 

.1% 

.8 



75 



— THE — 



Union Nut Company, 

99 Chambers Street 

Aj S. UPSON, Pres't. II [ U| UnDI/ T, SMITH, Ass't Sec. 



8: FEISBIE, Sec & Treaa. 



I J* L.VABI0K, Ass't Treas. 



MANUFACTUKEKS OF 



NUTS AND WASHERS, 

CARRIAGE, TIRE, PLOT, STOVE, AGRICULTURAL & MACHINE 




Bolt Ends, Turn Buckles, Lag and Skein Screws, 

Rules, Plumbs and Levels, Try Squares and T Bevels. 



MANUFACTORIES, 

UNIONVILLE, Conn., & CLEVELAND, Ohio. 



AGENTS FOR 



The Upson Nut Co., Unionville, Ct. 
The Upson Nut Co., Cleveland, 0. 
Hotchkiss & Upson Co. 



Standard Rule Co. 

Athol Machine Co, 
Bailey Wringing Machine Co. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE 

Showing the average number of Cold Pressed Nuts in a keg, 150 lbs. each, Square 

and Hexagon of standard sizes, as adopted by " the Association of Bolt and 

Nut Manufacturer of the United States." 



WIDTH. 


THICKNESS. 


HOLE. 


BOLT. 


NO. OP 
SQUARE 


NO. OF 
HEXAGON. 


11-32 


5-32 


3-32 


1-8 


45,000 




13-32 


3-16 


5-32 


3-16 


22,500 




1-2 


1-4 


7-32 


1-4 


10,000 


10,500 


5-8 


5-16 


9-32 


5-16 


5,106 


6,666 


3-4 


3-8 


11-32 


3-8 


2,727 


4,528 


7-8 


7-16 


13-32 


7-16 


1,904 


2,057 


7-8 


1-2 


7-16 


1-2 


1,695 


1,890 


1 


1-2 


7-16 


1-2 


1,218 


1,538 


1 1-8 


1-2 


1-2 


4-16 


1,016 


1,245 


1 1-8 


5-8 


9-16 


5-8 

5-8 


885 


957 


1 1-4 


5-8 


9-lti 


638 


740 


1 3-8 


3-4 


21-32 


3-4 


450 


555 


1 1-2 


3-4 


21-32 


3-4 


368 


430 


1 5-8 


7-8 


25-32 


7-8 


260 


270 


1 3-4 


7-8 


25-32 


7-8 


243 


252 


1 3-4 


1 


7-8 


1 


249 


257 


2 


1 


7-8 


1 


163 


204 


2 


1 1-8 


15-16 


1 1-8 


143 


168 


2 1-4 


1 1-8 


15-16 


1 1-8 


109 


150 


2 1-4 


1 3-8 


1 1-16 


1 3-8 


85 


120 


2 1-2 


i 1-4 


1 1-16 


1 1-4 


84 


93 


2 3-4 


1 3-8 
1 1-2 


1 3-16 


1 3-8 


55 


60 


3 


1 5-16 


1 1-2 


51 


56 


3 1-4 


1 5-8 


I 7-16 


1 5-8 


39 


44 


3 1-2 


1 3-4 


1 9-16 


1 3-4 


32 


35 


3 3-4 


1 7-8 


1 11-16 


1 7-8 


28 


30 


4 


2 


1 13-16 


2 


20 


22 



BAH AND SHEET LEAD— Weight in Pounds 



w ,, V 

x .a 
» fc 2 

It! 

HQi5 



8, I 



% 

CO 



1-16 

1-8 

3-16 

1-4 

5-16 

3-8 

7-16 

1-2 

9-16 

5-S 

11-16 
3-4 

13-16 
7-8 

15-16 



3.7L 
7 43 

r. 

14 08 

H.0) 

22 02 

26. 

29.75 

33.49 

37.18 

40.87 

44. 58 

48.28 

52.12 

56.05 

59.48 



11 


Bars 

Long. 


III 

ap. 




Bars 
Long. 


it 


T3 • • 
I 1 


63.2 


3 1 


GO — 

.02 


« 5 




JLL 

5.6 


.014 


1 1-16 


.079 


.06 


1-8 


66.87 


6.26 


.175 


136 


3-16 


70.51 


6.9S 


.31 


.245 


1-4 


74.35 


7.74 


.486 


.3* 


5-16 


78.05 


8.55 


.695 


.549 


3-8 


81.76 


9.33 


.948 


7^5 


7-16 


85 48 


10.18 


1.25 


.975 


1-2 


89. 23 


11.0 


1.55 


1.24 


9-16 


93. 


12.05 


1.95 


1.51 


5-8 


95.73 


li.15 


2.33 


t.8» 


11-16 


100.5 


14.15 


2.8 


2.2 


3-4 


104.1 


15.18 


3.23 


2.58 


13 16 


107.3 


16.3') 


3.8 


2.93 


7-8 


112.3 


17.45 


4.35 


3.41 


15-16 


116. 


18.10 


4.95 


3.9 , 


2 


119 6 


19.73 



II 

SI 



4.4 

4.91 

5.5 

6.1 

6.73 

7 38 

8.05 

8.75 

9.50 

10.25 

11.06 

1..88 

12.76 

13.66 

14.61 

15.53 



77 



EOEBUGK'S 




ta 









WILL PIT ANT WINDOW. 



ROEI 

w 



GK'S CELEBRATED 

iTHER STRIPS. 

THE BEST IN USE. 





OVEB A DOZEN 

Different Patterns. 



164 FULTON STREET, 
NEW YORK. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE 

SHOWING THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF WASHERS IN A KEG OF 150 

LBS., OF EACH STANDARD SIZE, 

As Adopted by " The Association of Bolt and Nut Manufacturers of the U. S." 



Diameter. 


Size of Hole 


Thickness 
Wire Gauge. 


Size of Bolt 


No.inl50 1bs 


1-2 


1-4 


No. 18 


3-16 


80.000 


5-8 


5-16 


11 16 


1-4 


34.285 


3-4 


5-16 


" 16 


1-4 


22.000 


7-8 


3-8 


" 16 


5-16 


18.500 


1 


7-16 


" 14 


3-8 


10.550 


11-4 


1-2 


" 14 


7-16 


7.500 


1 3-8 


9-16 


" 12 


1-2 


4.500 


1 1-2 


5-8 


" 12 


9-16 


3.850 


1 3-4 


11-16 


" 10 


5-8 


2.500 


2 


13-16 


" 10 


3-4 


1.600 


2 1-4 


15-16 


" 9 


7-8 


1.300 


2 1-2 


1 1-16 


" 9 


1 


950 


2 3-4 


1 1-4 


" 9 


1 1-8 


700 


3 


1 3-8 


" 9 


1 1-4 


550 


3 1-2 


1 1-2 


" 9 


1 3-8 


450 



PERKINS HORSE SHOES. 

Weight expressed in ounces. 



Front Shoes, No. 



Light.... 
Medium. 
Heavy.., 



Hind Shoes, No. 



Light ... 
Medium 
Heavy... 



Mule, No.... 
Front Shoes. 



13 



10 



1 
10 



15 
17 
19 



17 
20 

22 



21 
24 

27 



12 15 



14 
14 



2 
12 



16 
17 



3 

15 



18 
20 
21 



4 
18 



4 

24 

28 
32 


5 

29 
34 
36 


6 


7 


35 

38 
41 


49 


4 


5 


6 


7 


22 

24 
25 


26 

28 
30 


31 
33 
34 


38 


5 
22 


6 
25 


7 
29 





54 



43 



a 



Ausable" Horse Shoe Nails. 







STANDARD 


SIZES 










No 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


12 






Length in inches. 
Number in pound 


If 

276 


168 


^32 

138 


k 

110 


2l6 

96 


9 9 

&\ 6 

80 


2H 
73 


57 



79 



SHIPPERS 








MAN I FO l_D 



SHIPPING 

BLANKS. <&5I% 

SAMPLE SHEET^PRICES 

BARLOW BROS.GRAND RAPIDS,MICH. 



ADJUSTABLE BACKS 

JX GRATES AND LINING 

For Cook and Heating Stoves. 



% 




Endorsed by all who have used them. If not for 
sale by your jobber, address 

Schenck's Adjustable Fire Back Company, 
94 Market Street, - Chicago, 111. 



w *^T^^^jf ^a|T 







HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



' 


PROPORTIONS FOR 




Med States Standard Screw Threads and Its. 


From 


HOOPES & TOWNSEND. 


| 


Diameter , Threads 


Diameter 


Short 


Long 


Long 




of 


per 


at root of 








Thickness 


Screw. 


inch. 


Thread. 


Diameter. 


Diamoter. 


Diameter 




1-4 20 


.185 


1-2 


37-64 


7-10 


1-4 


5-16 


18 


.240 


19-32 


11-16 


10-12 


5-16 


3-8 


16 


.294 


11.16 


51-64 


03-64 


3-8 


7-10 


14 


.344 


25-32 


9-10 


1 7-64 


7-16 


1-2 


13 


.4()0 


7-8 


1 


1 15-64 


1 2 


9-16 


12 


.454 


31-32 


1 1-3 


1 23-64 


9-16 


5-8 


11 


.507 


1 1-16 


1 7-32 


1 1-2 


5-8 


3-4 


10 


.620 


1 1-4 


1 7-16 


1 49-64 


3-4 


7-8 


9 


.731 


1 7-16 


1 21-32 


2 1-32 


7-8 


1 


8 


.837 


1 5-8 


1 7-8 


2 19-64 


1 


1 1-8 


7 


.940 


1 13-16 


2 3-32 


2 9-16 


1 1-8 


1 1-4 


7 


1 065 


2 


2 5-16 


2 53-64 


1 1-4 


1 3-8 


6 


1.160 


2 3-16 


2 17-32 


3 3-32 


1 3-8 


1 1-2 


6 


1.284 


2 3-8 


2 3-4 


3 23-64 


1 1-2 


1 5-8 


5 1-2 


1.389 


2 9-16 


2 31-32 


3 5-8 


1 5-8 


1 3-4 


5 


1.491 


2 3-4 


3 3-16 


3 57-64 


• 1 3-4 


1 7-8 


5 


1.616 


2 15-16 


3 13-32 


4 5-32 


1 7-8 


2 


4 1-2 


1.712 


3 1-8 


3 5-8 


4 27-P4 


2 


2 1-4 


4 1-2 


1 962 


3 1-2 


4 1-16 


4 61-64 


2 1-4 


2 1-2 


4 


2.176 


3 7-8 


4 1-2 


5 31-64 


2 1-2 


2 3-4 


4 


2.426 


4 1-4 


4 29-32 


6 


2 3-4 1 


3 


3 1-2 


2.629 


4 5-8 


5 3-8 


6 17-32 


3 


3 1-4 


3 1-2 


2.879 


5 


5 13-16 


7 1-16 


3 1-4 


3 1-2 


3 1-4 


3.100 


5 3-8 


6 7-64 , 7 39-64 


3 1-2 


3 3-4 


3 


3.317 


5 3-4 


6 21-32 8 1-8 


3 3-4 


4 3 


3.567 


6 1-8 


7 3-32 8 41-«4 


4 


WEIGHT OF STEEL TIRE PJiB SET OF 54 FEET. 


5-8x1-16 


3-4x3-32 


7-Sx3-H2 


lxl-8 


1x5-: 6 


1 1-4x1-4 


1 1-2x7-16 


7 1-2 


13 1-4 


15 1-4 


23 3-4 


58. 1-2 


,59 


124 


5-Sx3-32 


3-4x1-3 


7-8x1-8 


* 1x5-32 


1 1-8x3-16 


11 4x5-16 


1 1-2x1-2 


11 1-2 


18 


20 1-4 


29 1-2 


40 1-2 


74 


142 


5-8x1-8 


3-4x5-82 


7-8x5-32 


1x3-16 


1 1-8x1-4 


1 1-4x3-8 


15-txl-2 


15 1-4 


22 


25 


35 1-2 


54 


88 1-2 


154 


5-3x3-16 


3-4x3-16 


7^8x3-16 


1x7-32 


1 1-8x5-16 


1 $-8x3-8 


1 3-4x1-2 


22 3-4 


27 


30 1-2 


42 1-4 


67 1-2 


98 


165 


7-8x7-32 


3-4x1-4 


7-8x1-4 


lxl-4 


1 1-8x3 8 


1 1-2x3-8 


2x1-2 


35 1-2 


35 1-2 


40 1-2 


47 1-2 


81 


107 


190 


Have a clean 


fire: and i 
Sal 


wreld with equal parts of B< 
t and Sand. 


3 rax, 



80 



JOHN H. (JEAHAi. 



"V^M. A. GRAHAM. 



JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO,, 

ESTABLISHED 1870. 
P.-O. Box 1042. 113 Chambers St. and 95 Reade St., Now York. 

Hardware Manufacturers' Agents. 

All Goods at Factory Prices. 




AMERICAN SCREW CO., . 

Round-head, Flat-head and Brass 
Screws . 
HENRY DISSTON & SONS, 
Saws, Tools, Files, &o. 
HARTFORD HAMMER CO., 

Hammers forged from Solid Cast- 
Steel. 
LANE BROS.. 

Grocers, Coffee-mills, Self-Meas- 
uring Faucets, &c. 
IRON CITY TOOL WORKS, 

Vises, Picks, Mattocks, Grub- 
Hoes. &o. 
A. W. BRINKERHOFF & SON. 

"Universal" Corn-Huskers. 
BURRELL & WHITMAN. 

Butter, Cheese and Flour Tryers, 
&c. 
TAYLOR BROS., 

Thermometers, Stcrra Glasses, 
&c. 
P. LOWENTRAUT, 

Mechanics' and Plumbers' Tools, 
Skates, &c. 
T. C. RICHARDS HARDWARE CO., 
Bright Wire Goods, Picture- 
Nails, &c. 
DETROIT BLOCK WORKS, 

Tackle Blocks, &c. 
LAWRENCE CURRY-COMB CO., 

Boring Machines, &c. 
A. G. GOES & CO., 

Ooes's Genuine Screw Wrenches. 
ISAAC F. BLOODGOOD CO., 

Sand and Emery Paper, Emery 
Cloth, &c. 
LORING & PARKS, 

Tacks, Brads, Nails and Plymouth 
Rivets. 
HARRISBURG HANDLE CO., 

Axe, Pick, Hammer Handles, &?. 
EDWARD STORM SPRING CO., 

Cannon's Diamond - Point Nail 
Sets. 
BOSTWICK & BURGESS, 

Queen Carpet-Sweepers. 
TUCKER & DORSEY, Alarm Tills. 
AMERICAN MACHINE CO., 

Freezers, Fluters, Wricgers, &c. 
GAY & PARSONS, 

Ratchet Screw-Drivers. 



D. W. BOSLEY & CO., 

Weather Strip,Window-Cleaners, 
&c. 
CHADBORN & COLD WELL MFG. CO., 
Lawn-Mowers. 

E. S. HOTCHKISS, Rat-Killers. 
HOWARD BROS., 

Cotton. Wool and Curry Cards. 
W. H. HOWELL & CO., 

Geneva Fluter, Laundry Irons, &c. 
PBCENIX CASTER CO., 

Martin's Patent Casters. 
DOUBLE-POINTED TACK CO., 

Staples, &c. 
PORTER MFG. CO., Screen Corners. 
BARTON BELL CO. 
UNITED STATES CORD CO., 

Braided ^ash Cord. 
H. KNICKERBACKER, 

Scythes, Axes and Tools. 
G. M. EDDY & CO., 

Measuring Tapes, largest line in 
the world. 
J. MALLINSON, 

Cast-Steel Shears and Scissors. 
DERBY & BALL, Scythe-Snaths. 
SEYMOUR SMITH & SON, 

Breast Drills, Saw Setts, Pruning 
Shears, &c. 
OTSEGO FORK MILLS CO., 

Steel Forks, Rakes, Hoes, &c. 
C. S. BELL CO., 

Farm and Church Bells. 
NEW HAVEN COPPER CO., 

Cast-Steel Augers and Bitts, all 
kinds and sizes. 
KENTUCKY BELL CO., 

The " Dodge " Cow-Bell. 
J. S. COWDERY, Carpenters' Chalk. 
ROMER & CO., Brass and Iron Padlocks 
H. B. IVES, 

Ives Burglar-Proof Door-Bolts. 
CHALFANT MFG. CO., 

Polishing and Gas Toilet-Irons. 
RIPLEY MFG. CO., 

BuDg-Starters, Mallets, &c. 
FRED. J. MYERS MFG. CO., 

Corn -Poppers, Fly -Traps and 
Wire Goods. 
AMIDON & WHITE, Braces. 
CRONK HANGER CO., 

Juarn-Door Hangers, Plyers, &c. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



El 



APrEOXIMATE WEIGHTS OF STKAP AND T HINGES, 

height per dozen. Furnished by Stanley Works. 



HEAVY STRAP HINGES. 



SiZ- 11 


| 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 1(5 | ins. 


Weight. | 6& 


10^ | 19>* | 32^ | 55^ | 74 tf | 89^ | 10S>£ | lbs. 


EXTRA HEAVY T HINGES. 


Size 


.... | 6 | 8 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | ins. 


Weight 


.... | 2U& | 34 M | 54 | 78 | 83^ | 87 & | lbs. 


STRAP AND T HINGES ARE COUNTERSUNK FOR SCREWS. 


Inches 


I 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 


Light Strap ... 


Size Screws | 6 | 7 -| 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 


Heavy Strap .... 


" 1 9 1 9 1 11 1 12 1 14 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 




Light T 


M | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 }10 | 11 | 12 | | 


Heavy T 


... " | | | | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 



Extra Heavy T . 



| 10 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 16 



16 | 



Hinge Hasps. 



| 6 | 7 | | 9 ! 1«> I 10 I 12 | 



WROUGHT BUTTS-Countersunk for Screws. 

TABLE BUTTS AND BACK FLAPS. 

Inches .....) % I 1 | 1> 8 - \l% \1% \l/ 2 \\% \1% | 2% I 

Size Screw ..| 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | S j 8 | 9 [ 9 [ 



NARROW WROUGHT BUTTS. 



Inches. 



Screws. 



II 1 V4 I l>6 I 1M 1 2 \ 2 U\2)4\2U\ 3 | 3^ | 3^ | 3M 1 4 | 4X I 5 | h)j \ Q 
15 | 6 | 7 | 7| 8 I 8 |9 ' 9 | 10 1 12 | 12 f 12 | 12 | 14 i 14 | 14 | 14 



LIGHT NARROW AND LIGHT LOOSE PIN. 



Inch 



Screws. 



2 I 3 | 3 | 5 "| 5 



2 |2*|_2* 
6 | 6 | 6 



LOOSE PIN OR BROAD. 



Size, 



2x2 


2tfx2j$ 




3>$rx3 


4^x4^ 


to 


to 


3x3^ 


to 


to 


2^x2 


3x3 




4y 2 x4 


5% 



5x5 to 6x7 



Screws. 



10 | 11 | 1< | 13 | 



14 



CAST BUTTS 

ARE COUNTERSUNK FOR SCREWS AS FOLLOWS : 

NARROW, FAST OR LOOSE JOLNT. 



Inch \\% |1 %\ 2 | 2k | 2h | 3 | 3# j 3% | 4 I 4% | 5 | 6 

Screws |6|7|7j818|8|10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 12 



PARLIAMENT. 



Inch 



I *H to 3>* 



Screw 



S 



3% and 4 | 4^ to 1% | 8 an d 8 W 
I 



10 



11 



13 



BROAD, FAST, AND LOOSE JOINT AND LOOSE PIN. 



Inch. 



2x2 to 2^x3 



3x2^ to 3>$x3* | 3^x4 



Screw 



8 



10 



11 



Inch j 3^x5 1 4x3 

Screw I 10 I 10" 



4x3 # to4Xx4H 4^x5 and upwards 



11 



13 



83 



UK! HI 


+ IRON 4- 

ROOFING 

SIDING. CEILING. 

ARCHESandLATK 

CINCINNAT/ 

CORRUGATING CO. 

* CINCINNATI. O. 

SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 


HpsIH 



fll il®l SHHM& E411-W41 IE ill-tf i, 

PATENTED APRIL 18, 1876- 

7 Success is the Measure of Merit." 

This cut-off has been on the market but three years, and to-day it is the favorite 
with the trade throughout the United States and Canada. 





RIGHT-HAND WIRE. SECTIONAL, T1EW. LEFT-HAND WIRE. 

They are made in all sizes from two inches up, of TIN or GALVANIZED IRON. 
They are nicely japanned, and put up in crates of one dozen each (assorted — right and 
left-hand wires), so they may be used in any position without extra pipe or elbows. 

The following are Regular Sizes Carried in Stock: 

2 in. Tin per doz. $4 00 

3 in. Tin " 5 00 

4in. Tin " 8 00 

5 in. Tin " 13 00 

6in. IX " 18 00 



3 in. Galvanized Iron, per doz. $8 00 

12 00 
16 00 
20 00 
25 00 
30 00 



jy~Ask your jobber for them, or write to the undersigned, who will give you 
manufacturer's prices. Manufactured by 

W. P. MYER, 22, 24 and 26 E. SOUTH St., INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. 

K3TASK US FOR PRICE ON A SAMPLE ORDER, 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WROUGHT BRASS BUTTS. 

Width when Open, and Sizes of Screws Required. 

WIDTH OF BRASS BUTTS, WHEN OPEN. 



Size Inches | } | * | 1 | 1* | 1* | 1| | 1* | If | If 


Narrow Width | f| »| t |"M ^ |'f | f| i | * 


Middle | f | i | || i\ l\l |1 |1 |i 


Broad | i\ i\ fjl |1 11*11*11*11* 


Desk | lj | If | If | If | ft ,.| 2 | 2* | 2\ | 2J 




Size Inches | 1* | 2 | 2£ |;2£ \ 2f | 3 [ 3J | 3* f ... 


Narrow Width | 1 | 1 | 1* | 1J | lj | If | If j 2 




Middle | 1* | 1* | 1* | If | 1* | If | 1* | 2* | ... 


Broad | li | 1J | If | 1* | If | 1|| 2 | 2} | .. 


Desk | 2| | 3 | .. | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... 




BRASS BUTTS ARE COUNTERSUNK FOR SCREWS AS FOLLOWS : 


Size Inch| *| || } | I | 1* | 1* | 1| | 1* | If 


Narrow.. ..Size of Screw |0|1|1|2|2|3|4|4|4 


Middle |0 |1|1|2|2|3|4|4|4 


broad |0 |l|lj2|2|3|4|4|4 






Size Inch | If | 1| | 2 | 2\ | 2*|-2J | 3 | 3* | 3* 


Narrow.... Size of Screw |4|5|5|5|6|6|7|7|8 


Middle | 4 | 5- | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 


Broad | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 






EMERY A>D CORUNDUM 

<ARE RANKED OR GRADED^ AS FOLLOWS : 



Nos. 8-10 ........Represents a Wood rasp. 



16-20... 
24-30... 
36-40... 
46-60... 
70-80... 
90-100., 
120-FFF. 



Rough file. 
Middie cut file. 
Bastard cut file. 
Second cut file. 
Smooth cut file. 
Superfine cut file. 
Dead smooth file. 



Baeder & Adamson's Emery Paper and Cloth 

COMPARE WITH GRADE AS FOLLOWS : 



Nos. 



000 



00 







100 | * I 1 I 1* I 2 I 2* I 3 



Emery.... | Crocus | Flour | 120 | 100 | 90 | 80 | 70 | 60 | 54 | 46 



85 



SPEC8A L NOTICE TO THE TRADE. 

EUREKA FIRE HOSE COMPANY 

13 BAECLAT STREET, New York. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



€ 



Seamless Cotton a^d Mildew-proof, Rubber Lip 
C EURBKA GARDEN HOSE" 




This Company for the seasons trade in GARDEN HOSE invites the 
especial attention of dealers, and solicits their orders for our products of Hose 
for Household purposes. This hose is known as the "EUREKA GAR- 
DEN HOSE," which we have greatly improved in appearance and weaving 
— unequalled by any and the very btbt Hose in the market. 

Eureka Garden Hose sells on sight. 

It is Superior to the Best Rubber Hose for durability and 
strength. It is mildew-proof and will stand over f»G0 lbs. pressure per square 
inch and outlast Rubber Hose many times over EXPOSE 1 T TO DRY 
AFTER USE, though it may be soaked every time it is used ; having no 
outside covering to imprison the moisture, will, if given a fair chance, dry im- 
mediately, no gas is generated and the cotton is uninjured. This is a proven 
fact in fire departments, where our rubber lined Cotton Hose has been known 
to outlast all others many years. 

After use DO NOT REEL, UP WET, BUT PUT THIS 
HOSE IN THE SUN AND AIR WHERE IT CAN DRY, 
and it will last many years. 

Once handled by the Trade, and used by the Consumer, it has given the 
highest satisfaction to both parties. 

THE EUREKA GARDEN HOSE CANNOT BE IN- 
JURED BY EXPOSURE TO THE SUN, same as Rubber Hom. 

PRICE LIST. 

X Inch Eureka Garden Hose, - • 20 Cents per Foot. 

3/ u ii it a - 25 u ** '* 

1 u u n a J" g- ii a a 

"SSUD FOR SAMPLES." 

Subject to Libtral Discount to the Trade. Couplings attached and Pipes 

Furnished when required. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



SPUN BRASS KETTLES, 

WEIGHT AND CAPACITY OF. 



7 m 

8 " 

9 " 

10 " 

11 " 

12 " 

13 ' ; 

14: " 

15 " 

ir> i; 
17 ; ' 



1 lb. 
H ". 
2£ ". 
3~ ". 
Sh ". 
4~ ". 



"4 

7^ 
9 



£ galilSiu 10J lb 



1 

H 
2 

'4 

3 

4 
4^ 

5 
6 
8 



1!» " 
_'0 " 

21 •< 

22 " 

23 lt 

24 " 

25 " 

26 " 

27 " 
128 " 



;12£ 
.16* 

.18 

20 

,23 

,27^ 

29" 

.32 

.37 

.40 



10 gal 
12 " 
14 " 

17 " 

18 " 
23 " 
25 " 
30 " 
32 " 
37 " 
42 " 



Number of Copper Belt Rivets and Burs in one 

Pound. 



Inch.... 


i 

4 " 


5 
16 


3 

8 


16 


i 

2 

164 
178 
228 
304 
354 


9 

1 6 

160 

172 
220 
300 
334 


1 

148 
152 
184 
272 
304 


3 

4 


i 


1 


n 


li 


4 


Burs 


No. 7... 

" 8... 

J... 

•' 10.. 
ik 12... 
" 13... 


272 

276 
340 
r>44 
588 
996 


250 
248 
280 
448 
512 
852 


228 
208 
272 
384 
452 
532 


180 
200 
248 
340 
404 


112 
136 
176 
238 
979 


116 
110 

156 
204 


100 
104 
136 


84 
96 


80 


69 


345 

390 
610 
716 

985 
1630 





Copper Hose Rivets and Burs, 






Size 


5 

1 6 


3 

8 


A 


) 


9 

1 6 


5 

8 


3 
4 


1 

8 


Burs. 


No. 7.... 
" 8..,. 


308 


201 


155 
181 


142 
160 


133 

150 


122 
135 


109 
116 


97 
100 


345 

390 



Copper Oval Head (or Trunk) Rivets and Burs. 





l 

■ 4 


5 

16 


f 


7 

16 


J 


9 

l 6 


1 


3 
4 


7 

8 


1 


li 


1* 


Burs 


No. 9....... 


320 


285 


259 


243 


219 


199 


177 


159 


137 


123 


113 


104 


610 



Number of Copper Braziers' Rivets in one Pound. 



Nos 





1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 




148 


100 


70 


44 


34 


24 


18 


12 


9 


6 


4 



78 



COMPBESSED LEAD SASH WEIGHTS. 

With Wrought and Malleable- Iron Fastenings. 
The only Lead Weiyht made ivith Secure Fastenings. 










SMOOTH FINISH. 

Twice the heft of Iron. Occupy only half the space. 
No friction. No noise. Each Weight centered, making 
it hang perfectly true and plumb. Endorsed by all the 
leading Architects and Builders. Prices no higher than 
the ordinary Cast Lead Weights. 

Send for Circular. Orders filled at sightt. 

Raymond Lead Co., Lake and Clinton Sts.. Chicago, 111. 



Cambridge Roofing Company, 

MANUFACTUBEBS OF 

SUPERIOR 

Roofil mil SIi, 

Made of STEEL and 
CHARCOAL IRON. 

m noun, ami mm standing im 

WHICH TOOK FIBBT MEDAL AT NEW OBLEANS EXPOSITION. 

Corrugated Roofing and Siding, 

Crimped-Edge Roofing and Siding. 

Send for Catalogue and Price-List. 

CAMBRIDGE, OHIO. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



BUILDERS' REFERENCE TABLES. 



Size of Class in Windows. 



12 Lights. 


8 Lights. 


8x10 


12 xlO 


8x12 


12 xl2 


9x12 


134x12 


9x13 


134x13 


9x14 


134x14 


9x15 


13^x15 


9x16 


13^x16 


10x12 


15 xl2 


10x14 


15 xl4 


10x15 


15 xl5 


10x16 


15 xl6 


10x18 


15 xl8 


10x20 


15 x20 


11x14 


164x14 


11x15 


164x15 


11x16 


164x16 


11x17 


16£xl7 


11x18 


16^x18 


12x14 


18 xl4 


12x15 


18 xl5 


12x16 


18 xl6 


12x18 


18 xl8 


12x20 


18 x20 


12x24 


18 x24 



4 Lights. 



12 x20 
12 x24 
134x24 
134x26 
134x28 
13^x30 
134x32 
15~x24 
15 x28 
15 x30 
15 x32 
15 x36 
15 x40 
164x28 
16jx30 
16^x32 
16^x34 
164x36 
18 x28 
18 x30 
18 x32 
18 x36 
18 x40 
18 x48 



Size of Sash 


Weig 


and Frame. 


H 1 




Lbs. 




2.4 x3.10 


4 


2.4 x4.6 


44 


2.7 x4.6 


5 


2.7 x4.10 


54 


2.7 x5.2 


54 


2.7 x5.6 


5J 


2.7 x5.10 


6 


2.10x4.6 


54 


2.10xo.2 


6 


2.10x5.6 


6 


2.10x5.10 


64 


2.10x6.6 


7 


2.10x7.2 


8 


3.1 x5.2 


6 


3.1 x5.6 


64 


3.1 x5.10 


7 


3.1 x6.2 


7 


3.1 x6.6 


74 


3.4 x5.2 


64 


3.4 x5.6 


7 


3.4 x5.10 


74 


3.4 x6.6 




3.4 x7.2 




3.4 x8.6 





1* 



Lbs. 
5 
5 

54 
54 
6 

64 
64 
6 

64 

7 

74 
8 
9 
7 

74 
8 

8 

84 
74 
8 

84 
H 

104 

12 



One Hank of Sash Cord will hang 16 Weights. Each Hank. 
Measures 75 feet and weighs about 2 1-4 lbs. 

SOLID EYE SASH WEIGHTS. 

Length and Thickness of Each Size. 





Inches 






Inche3 






Inches 




Weight. 


in 
Diam. 


Length. 
_ 5jT 


Weight. 


in 

Diam, 


Length. 


Weight. 


in 
Diam, 

9 


Length. 


2 


H 


9 


1* 


184 


18 


23| 


2* 


« 


6# 


3 2 


H 


m 


19 


2 


Hf 


3 


i* 


7* 

n 


10 


n 


m? 


20 


2 


25f 


H 


H 


10J 


y 


VH 


21 


2 


27* 


i 


1 i 


10| 


11 


«f 


w* 


22 


2 


27j 


U 


H 


114 


n 


204 


23 


2 


29j 


5 


H 


12* 


12 


i,\ 


18} 


24 


2 


31 1 
32^ 


5J 


U 


134 


llH 


ii 


19} 


23 


2 


6 


n 


id 

16* 


13 


2 


17} 


2i> 


2 


32j 


H 


H 


14 


2 


1U 


27 


2 


34i 


7 


H 


17 


15 


2 


20> 


23 


2 


36f 
38} 


n 


if 


184 


16 


2 


m 


29 


2 


8 


If 


16| 


17 


2 


22. V 


30 


2 


39* 


8* 


if 


m 












l| 



89 



AMEEICAN 

BOLT AND SCREW CASE CO., 

Manufacturers of Patent Revolving Bolt and Screw Cases, 



DAYTON, OHIO. 




Principal Agents : 



Simmons Hardware Co., St. 

Louis. 
A. F. Shapleigh & Cantwell 
Hardware Co., St. Louis. 
Russell & Erwiu Mfg. Co., 

New York. 
Quackenbush, Townsend & 

Co., New York. 
Burger & Baumgard, New 

York City. 
C. M. Biddle & Co., New 

York. 
Markley, Ailing & Co., Chi- 
cago, 111. 
Wyeth Hardware Co., St. 

Joseph, Mo. 
Hall & Willis Hardware Co., 

Kansas City, Mo. 
Ducharme, Fletcher & Co., 

Detroit, Mich. 
Buelfler, Bombright & Co., 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
Pappenheimer Hardware 

Co., Cincinnati, O. 
W. B. Belknap & Co.,Louis- 

ville. Ky. 
J. S. Brown, Galveston, Tex, 
A. Baldwin & Co., New Or- 
leans, La. 

H. O. Stratton, 
Boston, Mass. 
Keith, Benham & 
Dezndorf, Chi- 
cago, 111. 
Seeberger & Co., 
Chicago, 111. 
Strong, Hackett & 
Co., St. Paul, 
Minn. 

Wm. Bingham & 
Co., Cleveland, 
Ohio. 
Lloyd & Supplee 
Hardware Co. 
Philadephia, Pa' 



The American Bolt & Screw Case Co., of Dayton, Ohio, are the only man- 
facturers of these Cases. Many improvements have been added to them, making 
them now as perfect and complete, as well as ornamental, as could be desired. 
They are now using iron standards, screwed firmly into an iron hub, in the bot- 
tom, which makes them perfectly true and solid. The tops and bottoms are 
double, with the grain of the wood crossed, glued and screwed together, and 
braced with iron rods, which bind the whole firmly together ; thus making it 
strong enough to bear three times the weight that can be put into it ; and by 
which means they revolve perfectly true and easy ; and they 

ARE GIVING UNIVERSAL SATISFACTION. 

Send Por Circular. ALL OASES GUARANTEED. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



ROOFING SLATE. 

GENERAL EULE FOR THE COMPUTATION OF SLATE. 

From the length of the slate take three inches, or as 
many as the third covers the first ; divide the remainder by 
2, and multiply the quotient by the width of the slate, and 
the product will be the number of square inches in a single 
slate. Divide the number of square inches thus procured 
by 144, the number of square inches in a square foot, and 
the quotient will be the number of feet and inches required. 
A square of slate is what will cover 100 feet square, when 
properly laid upon the roof. 



TABLE OF SIZES AND NUMBER OF SLATES IN ONE SQUARE. 




° 6 




£6 




Si 




£ 6 


ej » 


2£ 


a dd 


■M 


fl 0Q 


£% 


3 SR 


J2 53 


-H o 


m s 


.*+ a> 


QQ d 


•H o 


m g 


•rH QJ 


QQ 2 


©•S 




oA 


*- cc 


»& 




©£ 


«m cr 1 


■Sg 


CCQ 


•a§ ' 


cm 


N 2 


C02 


£§ 


OGG 


cg£ 


d 03 


02m 


• s3 


Kh 


d 03 


OQh-i 


d* 




fc.S 




&a 




I.S 




M 


6x12 


533 


9x14 


291 


10x18 


192 


11x22 


137 


-7x12 


457 


10x14 


261 


11x18 


174 


12x22 


126 


8x12 


400 


12x14 


218 


12x18 


160 


14x22 


108 


9x12 


355 


8x16 


277 


14x18 


137 


12x24 


114 


10x12 


320 


9x16 


246 


10x20 


169 


14x24 


98 


12x12 


266 


10x16 


221 


11x20 


154 


16x24 


86 


7x14 


374 


12x16 


1S5 


12x20 


141 


14x26 


89 


8x14 


327 


9x18 


213 


14x20 


121 


16x26 


78 



The weight of a square of Slate is estimated in a general 
way (varying according to the thickness of the different 
makes) at from 600 to 700 lbs. per square. 

A square of Slate is 100 superficial feet. 

Gauge is distance between the courses of the slates. 

Lap is distance which each slate overlaps the slate lengthwise 
next but one below it, and it varies from 2 to 4 inches. The 
standard is assumed to be 3 inches. 

Margin is width of course exposed or distance between tails 
of slate. 

Pitch of a slate roof should not be less than 1 in height to 4 in 
breadth. 

Length of a slate is taken from nail-hole to tail. 

Thickness of slates ranges from \ to ft inch. 

WEIGHT PER SQUARE FOOT. 

Thickness $ ft J \ \ £ f 1 

Weight 1.81 2.71 3.62 5.43 7.25 9.06 10.87 14.5 lbs. 

Weight per cubic foot, 174 pounds. 

It requires, on account of laps, an average of nearly 2J square 
feet of slate to make one of slating. 



91 



^C^ 9 ^—^ 




IMPORTERS 

ENGLISH and FRENCH PLATE GLASS, 

FRENCH WINDOW CLASS. 

FRENCH PICTURE GLASS. 

FRENCH CAR CLASS. 
ENAMELED CLASS, 

GROUND GLASS, 

CATHEDRAL GLASS. 

RUBY, BLUE, GREEN, ORANGE and PURPLE GLASS. 

SHARRATT & NEWTH'S ENGLISH GLAZIERS' DIAMONDS. 

—ALSO— 

American Plate Glass. American, Window Glass. 

Floor and Skylight Glass. Embossed and Cut Glass. 

All kinds of Glass Cut to any Size and Shap3 required. Estimates furnished. 

HOLBROOK BROTHERS, 

87 & 89 Beekman, and 53 & 55 Cliff Streets, 

HEW TOTiSL CITY. 



r 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WINDOW GLASS. 

FRENCH OR AMERICAN. 



No. of Lights pbr Box op 50 Feet, 



6 


by 8 


150 


13 


by 20 
' r 22 


28 


16 by 54 


8 


24 


by 30 


10 


3 i. 


by 36 


6 


6% 


" s% 


130 


13 


25 


16 " 60 


8 


24 


4 * 32 


10 


32 


•• 33 


6 


7 


44 9 


115 


13 


.i 24 


23 


18 " 20 


20 


24 


44 34 


9 


32 


' 40 


6 


8 


" 10 


90 


13 


44 26 


21 


18 44 20 


18 


24 


44 36 


9 


32 


i. 4 . 2 


6 


8^ 


" 10% 


81 


13 


44 28 


20 


18 " 24 


17 


24 


'« 38 


8 


32 


44 44 


5 


8 


44 11 


82 


13 


44 30 


19 


18 44 26 


16 


24 


44 40 


8 


32 


44 48 


5 


8 


«* 12 


75 


13 


" 32 


17 


18 44 28 


14 


24 


44 42 


7 


32 


« 4 50 


5 


9 


" 11 


73 


14 


44 15 


34 


18 44 30 


14 


24 


44 46 


7 


32 


" 50 


4 


9 


" 12 


67 


14 


44 16 


32 


18 " Si 


13 


24 


4< 48 


6 


32 


44 60 


4 


9 


" 13 


62 


14 


44 17 


31 


18 44 34 


12 


24 


44 50 


6 


32 


44 66 


3 


9 


ic 14 


57 


14 


44 18 


29 


18 " 36 


11 


24 


44 54 


6 


34 


44 36 


6 


9 


" 15 


53 


14 


44 20 


26 


18 44 38 


11 


24 


« 4 5(5 


5 


34 


44 40 


6 


9 


" 16 


50 


14 


44 22 


24 


18 4t 40 


10 


24 


44 60 


5 


34 


44 44 


5 


9 


" 18 


45 


14 


44 24 


22 


18 4 « 42 


10 


24 


44 66 


5 


34 


44 46 


5 


10 


" 12 


60 


14 


44 26 


20 


18 " 44 


9 


26 


44 23 


10 


34 


44 4S 


5 


10 


44 13 


55 


14 


44 28 


19 


18 44 46 


9 


26 


44 30 


9 


?4 


44 50 


4 


10 


" 14 


52 


14 


44 30 


17 


18 44 50 


8 


2Q 


44 32 


9 


:-4 


44 54 


4 


10 


" 15 


48 


14 


44 32 


16 


18 " 52 


8 


26 


44 34 


8 


34 


44 56 


4 


10 


" 16 


45 


14 


44 34 


15 


18 44 56 


7 


26 


44 36 


8 


34 


44 60 


4 


10 


" 17 


43 


14 


44 36 


14 


18 " 60 


7 


26 


44 33 


7 


34 


44 66 


3 


10 


" 18 


40 


14 


44 38 


14 


20 44 22 


16 


26 


44 42 


7 


36 


44 40 


5 


10 


" 20 


36 


14 


44 40 


13 


20 4t 24 


15 


26 


44 44 


6 


36 


44 44 


5 


10 


" 22 


33 


14 


44 42 


12 


20 " 26 


14 


26 


44 48 


6 


36 


44 46 


4 


10 


u 24 


30 


14 


44 44 


12 


20 u 28 


13 


26 


44 50 


6 


£6 


44 43 


4 


10 


u 26 


28 


14 


44 46 


11 


20 " 30 


12 


26 


44 52 


5 


36 


44 50 


4 


10 


44 28 


26 


15 


44 16 


30 


20 4 « 32 


11 


26 


* 4 54 


5 


36 


44 54 


4 


10 


11 30 


24 


15 


44 18 


27 


20 44 34 


11 


26 


*• 58 


5 


36 


44 56 


4 


11 


M 12 


55 


15 


44 20 


24 


20 44 36 


10 


26 


44 60 


5 


36 


44 60 


3 


11 


" 13 


51 


15 


44 22 


22 


20 t4 38 


10 


28 


44 30 


9 


36 


44 64 


3 


11 


ii 14 


47 


15 


44 24 


20 


20 " 40 


9 


23 


' 4 32 


8 


36 


44 66 


3 


11 


44 15 


44 


15 


44 26 


19 


20 44 42 


9 


23 


< 4 34 


8 


36 


♦ 4 70 


3 


11 


44 16 


41 


15 


i« 28 


17 


20 " 44 


8 


23 


« 4 36 


7 


38 


44 40 


5 


11 


ic 1T 


39 


15 


•« SO 


16 


20 " 48 


8 


28 


< 4 40 


7 


38 


44 4'i 


5 


11 


44 18 


37 


15 


44 32 


15 


20 " 50 


7 


28 


ii 42 


6 


38 


44 44 


4 


11 


" 20 


33 


15 


44 34 


14 


20 " 54 


7 


2S 


' 4 46 


6 


38 


44 52 


4 


11 


" 22 


30 


15 


44 36 


13 


20 " 58 


6 


28 


1 4 50 


5 


38 


44 50 


3 


11 


ii 24 


27 


15 


44 38 


13 


20 44 64 


6 


28 


' 4 56 


5 


38 


4 - 62 


3 


12 


M 13 


46 


15 


44 40 


12 


22 4i 24 


14 


28 


44 60 


4 


38 


44 66 


3 


12 


i« 14 


43 


16 


44 16 


28 


22 " 26 


13 


28 


« 4 66 


4 


40 


44 40 


4 


12 


M 15 


40 


16 


44 18 


25 


22 " 28 


12 


30 


' 4 30 


8 


40 


44 42 


4 


12 


" 16 


38 


16 


44 20 


23 


22 u 30 


11 


SO 


it 32 


8 


40 


44 41 


4 


12 


u 17 


35 


16 


44 22 


21 


22 u 32 


10 


30 


• ; 34 


7 


40 


44 50 


4 


12 


44 18 


34 


16 


44 24 


19 


22 " 34 


10 


30 


" 38 


7 


40 


« 54 


H 


12 


" 20 


30 


16 


44 26 


17 


22 " 36 


9 


30 


' 4 40 


6 


40 


44 60 


3 


12 


M 22 


27 


16 


44 28 


16 


22 44 38 


9 


30 


44 44 


6 


40 


44 66 


3 


12 


u 24 


25 


16 


44 30 


15 


22 u 40 


8 


30 


44 46 


5 


40 


44 72 


3 


12 


" 26 


23 


16 


44 32 


14 


22 44 42 


8 


30 


• 4 48 


5 


42 


44 42 


4 


12 


44 28 


22 


16 


44 34 


13 


22 44 44 


% 


30 


»« 50 


5 


42 


44 48 


4 


12 


44 30 


20 


16 


44 36 


13 


22. " 48 


7 


30 


'« 52 


5 


42 


44 52 


3 


12 


" 32 


19 


16 


44 38 


12 


22 44 50 


7 


30 


' 4 54 


4 


42 


44 62 


3 


12 


44 34 


18 


16 


44 40 


11 


22 «< 52 


6 


30 


44 56 


4 


42 


44 68 


3 


12 


44 36 


17 


16 


ii 4 2 


11 


22 44 56 


6 


30 


44 60 


4 


44 


44 46 


4 


13 


« i 4 


40 


16 


n 44 


10 


22 44 60 


5 


20 


' 4 64 


4 


44 


44 50 


3 


13 


44 15 


37 


16 


44 46 


10 


24 " 24 


12 


30 


' 4 66 


4 


44 


44 56 


3 


Y* 


44 16 : 


35 


16 


44 48 


9 


24 « 4 26 


12 


30 


44 70 


3 


46 


44 54 


3 


13 


l t 18 


31 


16 


44 52 


9 J 


24 44 28 


11 


32 


44 34 


7 


46 


44 64 


3 



93 




TIN PLATE. 

Roofing Plate,: 

Special Sizes, 

Block & Bar Tin 

Tinners' Solder. 

SHEET IRON 

Russia, 

Pat. Planished, 

Galvanized, 

Double Seaming, 

Cold Rolled, 

Common. 

WIRE, 
Bright Iron, 
Annealed Fence, 
Coppered, 
Galvanized, 
Tinned. 

SOLDER. 
Ex. Wiping, 
No. 1 Refined, 
No. 1 Capping, 
Ex.No.l"B.&C.» 
Half and Half. 

COPPER. 
Sheet, Bottoms, 
Solders, Bolts, 
"Wire, Ingot. 
SHEET ZINC. 
American, 
Spelter. 

ELBOWS. 
Russia, Planished 
Charcoal. 
Stove Boards. 
Stove Bolts, 

" Pipe Collars, 

" " Dampers, 
Fire Pots, 
Rivets, Black, 

" Tinned, 
Kettle Ears. 

SUNDRIES. 
Babbit Metal, 
Antimony, 
Spelter Solder, 
Tinsmiths' Tools 

and Machines, 
Milk Cdn Trim- 
mings. 

AUSTIN'S PATENT EXPANDING CONDUCTOR AND SPIBAL SI3BED PIPE. 

PATENT ROOFING SEAMER POE PUTTING TIN TOGETHER. 

All Latest and Best Machines for Roofers and Tinners* 

We call special notice to our Retail Department for tbope wantiner Tinm n's Supplies 
than full packages. All orders promptly attended to. Write lor "prices. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Table of Standard or Regular Tin Plates. 


Size and Kind of Plates 


—Number and Weight of Sheets in a Box, and Wire 


Gauge 


Thickness, of every Kind and Size. 








c 


o 


6 


1 




o 


o 


© 






P 




tc 






,a 


.2 


~ 


Size. 


Grade. 


T. 


T. 


a 


Size. 


Grade. 


.2 

DO 


0Q 


3 






"a 
© 

£3 


O 

T8 


29 






© 

© 


3 
o 

130 


© 

29 


10 by 10 


IC 


22 5 


13 by 13 


IC 


225 


u 


TX 


225 


98 


27 


44 


IX 


225 


164 


2T 


u 


IXX 


225 


112 


26 


« 


IXX 


225 


190 


26 


44 


;xxx 


225 


124 


25 


a 


IXXX 


225 


216 


25 


H 


TXXXX 


225 


140 


24^ 


14 by 14 


IC 


225 


152 


29 


10 by 14 


IC 


225 


10S 


29 


4." 


IX 


225 


192 


27 


u 


IX 


225 


136 


27 


c< 


IXX 


225 


221 


26 


u 


I XX 


225 


159 


26 


a 


IXXX 


225 


250 


25 


44 


IXXX 


225 


1T8 


25 


U 


IXXXX 


225 


279 


24^ 


u 


xxxx 


225 


200 


24^ 


15 by 15 


IX 


225 


221 


27 


10 by 20 


1*: 


225 


156 


29 


44 


IXX 


225 


265 


26 


IX 


225 


196 


27 


U 


IXXX 


225 


288 


25 


11 by 11 


re 


225 


95 


29 


a 


IXXXX 


225 


322 


24>£ 


i. 


IX 


225 


118 


27 


16 by 16 


IC 


225 


200 


29 


44 


IXX 


225 


135 


26 


44 


IX 


225 


252 


27 


11 by 15 


Sue 


200 


164 


26 


44 


IXX 


225 


290 


26 


k< 


SDX 


200 


185 


25 


4i 


IXXX 


225 


32S 


25 


« 


SDXX 


200 


206 


24^ 


44 


IXXXX 


225 


36S 


24^ 


CI 


SDXXX 


200 


226 


24 


17 by 17 


IX 


112 


140 


27 


u 


SDXXXX 


200 


248 


23 


44 


IXX 


112 


162 


26 


22 bv 15 


SDC 


100 


164 


26 


44 


IXXX 


112 


1S4 


25 


44 


SDX 


100 


185 


25 


44 


IXXXX 


112 


205 


24^ 


IC 


SDXX 


100 


206 


24 % 


IS by 18 


IX 


112 


158 


27 


U 


SDXXX 


100 


226 


24 


IXX 


112 


182 


26 


a 


SDXXXX 


100 


248 


23 


44 


IXXX 


J12 


206 


25 


12>2 by IT 


DC 


100 


96 


23 


44 


IXXXX 


112 


231 


24^ 


u 


DX 


100 


124 


26 


22 by 22 


IXX 


56 


135 


•26 


(& 


DXX 


100 


145 


24 


44 


IXXX 


56 




25 


»< 


DXXX 


100 


166 


23 


u 


IXXXX 


56 




24^ 


(■ 


DXXXX 


100 


185 


22 


24 by 24 


IXX 


56 


JL57 


26 


15 bv 21 


DX 


100 


183 


27 


44 


IXXX 


56 




25 


i< 


DXX 


100 


214 


24 


44 


IXXXX 


56 


. . . 


24^ 


u 


DXXX 


100 


245 


23 








« 


DXXXX 


100 


2T6 


22 




Terne Pla 


TES. 


25 by IT 


DC 


50 


96 


28 


14 by 20 


IC 


112 


10S 29 


(4 


DX 


50 


124 


26 


44 


IX 


112 


136 2T 


44 


DXX 


50 


145 


24 


1 20 by 2S 


IC 


112 


216,29 


44 


DXXX 


50 


166 


23 


(4 


IX 


112 


2T2 


27 


»* 


DXXXX 


50 


185 


22 


20 by 200 


IC 




172 


29 


14 by 20 


IC 


112 


108 


29 


«; 


IX 




216 


27 


44 


IX 


112 


136 


27 








44 


IXX 


112 


157 


26 




Tin Taggej 


,s. 


44 


IXXX 


112 


178 


25 


10 by 14 


1 


450 | 103 | 33 


44 


IXXXX 


112 


200 


24K 








44 


IXXXXXX 


112 


240 


23^ 


I 


Slack Tagg 


ERS. 


12 by 12 


IC 


225 


108 


29 


10 by 14 




256 


105(32 


44 


IX 


225 


136 


27 


44 




300 


103 34 


4> 


IXX 


225 


157 


26 


44 




360 


108 36 


14 


IXXX 


225 


17S 


25 


44 




450 


108 3S 



95 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



From t \e •• Metal Worker." 

Cost oi Tin Roofing. 

The following table shows the cost per square and per square 
foot of tin roofing, laid with 14x20 tin, with tin at any price 
from $4 to $10 p^r box. Th-3 first column contains the price 
per box of tin; the second column shows the cost of tin p r 
square (100 square feet) of surface, and the third column shows 
the cost of tin per square foot of surface : 

FLAT SEAM BOOFING- -COST WITH 14x20 TIN. 



Price of tin 
per box. 

$4.25 

4.50 

4.75 

5.00 

5.25 

5.50 

5.75 

6.00 

6.25 

6.50 

6.75 

7.00 

7.25 

7.50 



Cost per 
square of 
flat root 
14x20 tin. 



Cost per 
sq. foot. 



.0221 
.0234 
.0247 
.0260 
.0273 



$2.21..., 

2.34.... 

2.47.... 

2.60. .. 

2.73.... 

, 2.86 0286 

, 2.99 0299 

, 3.12 0312 

3.25 0325 

, 3.38 0338 

, 3.51 0351 

3.64 0364 

, 3.77 0377 

, 3.90 0390 

7.75 4.03 0403 

8.00 4.16 0416 





Co3t per 






square of 




Price of tin 


flat roof 


Co*t per 


per box. 


l*x20 tin. 


sq. loot. 


$8.25 


.,..$4.29 


.0429 


8.50 


.... 4.42 


.0442 


8.75 


.... 4.55 


.0455 


9.00 


.. . 4.68 


.0468 


9.25...... 


.... 4.81 


.0481 


9.50 


... 4.94 


.0494 


9.75.... 


.... 5.07 


.0507 


1.0.00 


.... 5.20 


.0520 


10.25 


.... 5.33 


.0583 


10.50 


.... 5.46 


. 0546 


^0.75 


.... 5.59 


.05.: 9 


n.oo 


.... 5.72 


.0572 


11.25 


.... 5.85 


.0585 


11.50...... 


.... 5.98 


.0508 


11.75 


.... 6.11 


.con 


12 00 


.... 6.24 


.0624 



STANDING SEAM ROOFING — COST WITH 14x20 TIN. 



Price of tin 
per box, 

$4.25 

4.50 

4.75 



5.25 

5.50 

5.75 

6.00 

6.25 

6.50 

6.75 

7.00 



Cost per 
square of 
standing seam 
roof with 
14x20 tin. 

...$2.37 

... 2.51 

... 2.65 

... 2.79 

... 2.93 

,.. 3.06 

... 3.20 

.. 3.34 

... 3.48 

... 3.62 

... 3.76 

... 3.90 , 



Cost per 
sq. foot. 

.0237 
.0251 
.0265 
.0279 
.0293 
.0306 
.0320 
.0334 
.0348 
.0362 
.0376 
.0390 



Price ot tin 
per bo.v. 

$7.25 

7.50 

7.75 

8.00 

8.25 

8.50 

8.75 

9.00 

9.25 

9.50 

9.75 

10.00 



Cost per 
square of 
standing seam 
roof with 
14x20 tin. 

....$4.03 

.... 4.17 

.... 4.31 

.... 4.45 

... 4.59 

.... 4.73 

... 4.87 

... 5.01 

.... 5.15 

.... 5.29..... 

.... 5.43 

... 5.57 



Cost per 
sq. foot. 

, .0403 

.0417 

.0431 

.0445 

.0459 

.0473 

.0487 

.0501 

.0515 

.0.;29 

.0H3 

.0557 



96 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Cost of Tin Roofing— Continued. 

The following table shows the cost per square and per square 
foot of tin roofing, laid with 20x28 tin, with tin at any price 
from $8 to $24 per box. The first column contains the price 
per box of tin ; ttie second column shows the cost of tin per 
square (100 square feet) of surface, and the thiid column shows 
the cost of tin per square foot of surface . 

FLAT SEAM ROOFING — COST WITH 20x28 TIN. 



Price of tin 
per box. 


Cost per 

square of 

flat seam roof 

20x28 tin. 


Cost per 
sq. foot. 


Cost per 
square of 
Price of tin flat seam roof 
per box. 20x28 tin. 


Cost per 
sq. foot. 


$8,00 

8.50 


....$2.01 

.... 2.13 


.0201 
.0213 


$16.00 $4.01 .... 

16.50 4.13 


.0401 
.0413 


9.00 


.... 2.26 


.0226 


17.00 4.26 


.0426 


9.50 


.... 2.38 


.0238 


17.50 4.38 


.0438 


10.00 


.... 2.51....... 


.0251 


18.00 4.51 


.0451 


10.50 


.... 2.63 


,0263 


18.50 4.63 


.0463 


11.00 


.... 2.76 


.0276 


19-00 4.76 


.0476 


11.50 


....2.88 


.0288 


19.50 4.88 


.0488 


12.00 


.... 3.00 


.0300 


20.00 5.01 


.0501 


12.50 


.... 3.13 


.0313 


20.50 5.13 


.0513 


13.00 


.... 3.25 


.0325 


21.00 5.26 


.0526 


13.50 


.... 3.38 


.0338 
.0350 


21.. 50... 5.38 

22.00 5.51 


.0538 


14.00 


.... 3.50, 


.0551 


14.50 


.... 3.63 


.0363 
.0375 


22.50 5.63 

23.00 5.76 


.0563 


15.00 


.... 3.75 


.0576 


15.50 


.... 3.8*. .. . 


0388 







STANDING SEAM 


HOOFING 


—COST WITH 20x28 TIN. 




Cost per 




Cost per 




square of 




square of 




standing seam 




Standing seam 




Price of tin roof with 


Cost per 


Price of tin roof with 


Cost per 


per box, 20x28 tin. 


eq. foot. 


per box. 20x28 tin. 


sq. foot. 


$8.00 $2.15 


. .0215 


$16.50 $4.42 


.0442 


8.50 2.28 


. .0228 


17.00 4.56...... 


.0456 


9.00 2.41 


. .0241 


17.50 4,69 


.0469 


9.50 2.55 


. .0255 


18.00 4.82 


.0482 


10.00 2.68 


. .0268 


18.50 4.96 


.0496 


10.50 2.82 


. .0282 


19.00 5.09 


.0509 


11.00. . 2.95 


. .0295 


19.50 5.23 


0523 


11 50.. . 3.09... 


.0309 


20.00 5.36 


. 0536 


12.00 3.21 


. .0321 


20.50..... 5.49 


.0549 


12.50 3.35 


. .0335 


21.00 5.63 


.0563 


13 00.... 3.48 


. .0348 
. .0362 


21.50 5.76 

22.00 5.90 


.0576 


13.50 3.62 


.0590 


14.00 3.75 


. .0375 


22.50 6.03 


.0603 


14.50 , . 3.89... 


. .0389 
. .0402 


23.00 0.17 


.< 617 


15.00 4.02 


23.50 6.30 


.0680 


15.50...*.... 4.15 .... 


. .0415 


24.00 6.43 


.0643 


16.00 4.29 


. .0429 







97 



THE'CABVEB'S FRIEND. 




SOLID EMERY KNIFE-SHARPENER. 

Acknowledged by everyone to be 

The Very Best Article of its Kind in Use To-Day. 

A FEW STROKES WILL GIVE THE DULLEST KNIFE A KEEN EDGE, 
WHICH EVERY HOUSEKEEPER WILL APPRECIATE. 

HANDY FOR THE TABLE OR KITCHEN USE. 

Made of the Best Turkish Emery, with a steel wire in the centre, and will LAST 

FOR YEARS. 
The Discount to the Trade is LIBERAL. 

Sample sent on receipt of price. 

For a Fine Cocohola Handle, 85c; or with Applewood Handle, 60c. 

For sale by Jobbers generally throughout the United States. Mention this Book. 

W. H. PAEKIN, 

1 1 South Water Street, - CLEVELAND, O. 

COULD & EBERHARPT , 

irst-ciass MachineTools. 

Patent SH APE RS, 



Over 1000 in Use ! 



EBERHARDT'S PATENT 

PRILLS 

Experts Pronounce them the 
BEST. 



Automati c GEAR-COTTERS 
Automati c RACK-CUTTERS 2 
Automatic DIAL-PRESSES 

TOOL-GRINDERS, PLANERS, 
LATHES. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



RECIPES FOR SOLDERS. 

SOFT SOLDERS. 

Among the soft solders to be employed with metals melting 
at a low temperature, we give the following : 

Solder for bright tin ware, etc. : il Half & Half." 

Tin 50 parts. 

Lead 50 " 

Solder for roofing, and plumbing joints : " No. 1." 

Tin 40 parts. 

Lead 60 " 

Solder for galvanized ware, etc. : "No. 1. Extra." 

Tin 45 parts. 

Lead 55 " 

Solder for pewter : 

Tin 100 parts. 

Lead 200 " 

Solder for sealing iron in stone : 

Lead 200 parts. 

Zinc... 100 " 

This alloy is more resisting and adheres better than pure 
lead. 

Solders for obtaining casts of medals, coins, etc. : 

Bismuth 400 or 600 

Lead 200 " 200 

Tin 200 " 300 

This alloy melts between 212 F. (or at water-boiling point) 
and becomes very liquid. 

HARD SOLDERS. 
Above we give the alloys of all soft solders. Herewith we 
give the constituents and process of making the harder ones : 
Solder for iron : 

Copper 67 

Zinc 33 

Solder for pure copper or ordinary brass : 

Copper 3 

Zinc 1 

Solder for hard brass : 

Scraps of metal to be soldered 4 

Zinc 1 

Hard solder for small and thin pieces : 

Copper 86.5 

Zinc 4.5 

Solder for uniting brass tube, seams : 

Copper... 70) Brasg! ~ .^ 



Tin. 



30) 



Zinc 



22.5 



The proper process of making these solders is as follows : The copper 
and zinc are melted in separate crucibles, then added together in a pouring- 
pot and thoroughly mixed, and when at the proper temperature is poured 
from a certain height upon a bundle of birch twigs, kept wet and agitated 
at the surface of a tub of water. The solder is thus obtained in the shape- 
of fine grains, having an irregular crystallization. When solder is not suffi- 
ciently fine it is hammered in a cast-iron mortar and passed through a sieve. 



99 



if ©in ii4n§9 

The THREE BEST that can be Made. 

Wood-Lined and Paper-Lined. 



TIE " BUSY 



%% 



IS MADE OF EMBOSSED WHITE METAL, 
PERFECT IN MAKE AND FINISH, 

BEAUTIFUL AND DURABLE. 



TIE " HEW TACOHA 



n 



IS AN EMBOSSED METAL BOARD, 

FIRE-PROOF AND BR ASS- FINISHED. 



TIE " FAYOBTTE 

Is the Best ZINC Board Made. 

Oil-Finished and a Durable Silver Polish. 

Prices Reasonable. Send for Price-Lists and Discounts. 

Sold by Jobbers in all of the Large Towns. 



MADE ONLY BY 

A.. I. GORXG-G-S, 

211 WATER STREET, - NEW YORK- 



P. S. — He makes a metal " Slop-Jar Mat " that should 
be under every slop-jar now in use. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Table of Weights of Sheet Copper per Square Foot, and 
Thickness per English Wire Gauge, 



English 


Weight 
per 




Weight of each sheet. 




Wire 


square 
























Gauge. 


foot. 


14x48 


24x48 


30x60 


26x72 


48x72 




lbs. oz. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


No. 1 


14 8 




116 


181 


261 


348 


2 


13 14 




111 


174 


250 


334 


3 


12 12 




102 


159 


230 


306 


4 


11 9 




93 


145 


209 


278 


5 


10 1 




81 


126 


182 


242 


6 


9 C 




75 


118 


169 


226 


7 


8 li 




70 


109 


157 


209 


8 


7 14 




63 


99 


142 


190 


9 


7 3 




58 


90 


130 


173 


10 


6 8 




48 


81* 


117 


156 


11 


5 12 




46 


73 


104 


139 


12 


5 1 




41 


G4 


91 


122 


13 


4 5 




35 


54 


78 


104 


14 


3 9 




29 


45 


65 


86 


15 


3 4 




26 


41 


59 


78 


10 


2 14 




23 


36 


52 


70 


17 


2 8 




20 


32 


45 


60 


18 


2 2 




18 


27 


39 


52 


19 


1 15 




16 


24 


35 


47 


20 


1 12 




14 


22 


32 


43 


21 


1 9 




13 


20 


29 


39 


22 


22 


6 t 
5f 


12 


18 


26 


35 


23 


20 


10 


16 


23 


31 


24 


18 


5| 


9 


15 


21 


28 


25 


16 


4f 


8 


12* 


19 


25 


26 


14 


4 


7 


11. 


15 


21 


27 


12 


H 


6 


n 


13 


18 


28 


10 


3 


5 


7 


11 


15 



Stubbs' Wire Gauge in Inches. 


No. 1. ... 


5-16in. 


No. 11.. 

" 16 

'' 21.. 


1-8 in. 


" 3 


.1-4 " 


1-16 " 


" 7 


3-16 " 


.....1-32 <• 



Rules to be Observed in Ordering Metal or Wire. 

All Metal is numbered according to Brown & Sharpe's U. S. Standard Gauge, 
which te known as " The New Gauge." 

All Wire is numbered according to Stubs' English Wire Gauge, which is known 
as one uf the " Old Gauges," to No. 25 inclusive ; No. 26 and finer by London Gauge. 

Parties ordering Metal or Wire will please make their orders to conform to 
above Gauges. All orders where the name of Gauge is not stated, will be filled as 
above. In cape parties ordering Metal or Wire have nO Gauge, a small piece of 
either material may be sent, which will answer for the Number. 

For difference in Gauges see comparative tabie 

In ordering Metal always state width and temper wanted. 

In ordering Wire always state whether Hard, Soft or Spring Wire is wanted. 

'1 he term '* High " Bra.ss refers to color, and not to temper. 

• • ■■ '- ■ 



101 



The Trade's Favorite Still Ahead ! 
TIE SEW YOBK ELBOW GOHPABY, 

I MANUFACTUREBS OP 

[SHEET METAL ELBOWS 




AND 







THE EMPIEE ROASTER AND BAKER, 

IS Cliff St., 3STew TTorlt 

117 N. 2d ST. PHILADELPHIA. 



— &c £ p 
p- a «p 
©.9 go 

lis I 

•5H S.S 

«s2 ° S3 

?^2 

a. $* »P o 

© .5 ** w 
* £ o ° 

** S.S * 

H^ © P P 

iS 3 © >n3 
£££ * 



All ELBOWS of 

Our Manufacture 




P" 

© £* 

§ P* 



3 p o 

g p * 

d& g 
*<« s- 



p-s 






^ 



P «0 p 

CO 



cc 



Bear Red Label. " None Genuine Without It." 
Send for Prioe-List and Sample Dozen. 



r 



P P <* « 
OQ Qj P - P 



A&AT 3TOJZR JOBBER FOR 

HEW YOBI ELBOW COMPANY'S ELBOWS. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



1 




Bar and Sheet Brass. 










WEIGHT IN POUNDS. 








°oS 


44 

o 


tx. ta 


GO b0 


o »-> m 
o <v 


43 
I- ° 
©r° 


00 tO 


cd ta 


cc U O 




£ a 


«3 


IB l-« 

© o a 


£ ° 


— — 


r; a 1- ' 


QQ O 


s*. 


<T3 -^ 


s «~ 


« 2 


J?* 3 


'd +» 


■Sirs' 

2.2 s 


© d 


2 o 




.si© 

.3.2 n 


«j 
« d 
.d 0* 


is 


c 3 
§£ 


r^M 


0QO2 


QDrH 

.015 


tfrH 

.011 


HPcn 


GGM 


OGrH 

4.07 


3.20 


1-16 


2.T 


1 1-16 


45.95 


H 


5.41 


.055 


.045 


K 


49.69 


4.55 


3.57 


3-16 


8.12 


.125 


.1 


3-16 


51.4 


5.08 


3.97 


M 


10.76 


.225 


.175 


H 


54.18 


5.65 


4.41 


5 16 


13.47 


.350 


.275 


5-16 


56.85 


6.22 


4.86 


% 


16.25 


.51 


.395 


% 


59.55 


6.31 


5.35 


T-16 


19. 


.69 


.54 


7-16 


62.25 


7.45 


5.85 


# 


21.65 


.905 


.71 


X 


65. 


8.13 


6.37 


9-16 


24.3 


1.15 


.9 


9-16 


57.75 


8.83 


6.92 


fc 


27.12 


1.4 


. 1.1 


& 


70.35 


9.55 


7.4S 


11-16 


29.77 


1.72 


1.35 


11-16 


73. 


10.27 


8.05 


\ 


32.46 


2.05 


1.60 


X 


75.86 


11. 


8.65 


13-16 


35.18 


2.4 


1.85 


13-16 


78.52 


11.82 


9.29 


% 


37.85 


2.75 


2.15 


% 


71.25 


72.68 


9 95 


15-16 


40.55 


3.15 


2.48 


15-16 


84. 


13.5 


10.58 


1 


43.29 


3.65 


2.85 


2 


86.75 


14.35 


11.25 






Bar and SI 


lieet Co] 


pper. 










Weight ii 


i Pounds. 








u 








u 








O «- «o 

x ,*— 

■ i- o 

©J< S3 


4* 


«3 


1§ 


CO My 

© © 2 . 


4* 

-8 


£ 


CO to 




* 2 


£*- 


*0 +2 


S"S^ 


CO © 


© ~s 


"d tS 


•* d .- 

« d <jT 


« d 

.d O* 


2§ 
5* 


a o 
dp 


£ i © 


© 2 
d 


2 

0^ 


j| 


EhQ02 


mvi 


.015 


tfrH 

.011 


hfla 


0OM 


</} — 


— i—i 


1-16 


2.88 


1 1-16 


49. 


4.35 


3 41 


tf 


5.75 


.06 


.056 


X 


52. 


4.83 


3 85 


3-16 


8.65 


.134 


.105 


3-16 


54 9 


5.40 


4. '29 


X 


11.48 


.235 


.187 


# 


57 65 


6. 


4. 73 


5-16 


14.36 


.375 


.295 


5-16 


60.5 


0.00 


5.20 


% 


17.28 


.54 


.424 


X 


53.45 


7.27 


5.70 


7-16 


20.19 


.735 


.575 


7-16 


66.35 


7.90 


6 29 


X 


23.1 


.960 


.75 


% 


69.3 


8.64 


C.So 


9-16 


26. 


1.21 


.95 


9-16 


72.15 


9 28 


7.30 > 


& 


28.85 


1.51 


1 17 


% 


75.1 


10.15 


8. 


11-16 


31.68 


1.81 


1.42 


11-16 


77 95 


10.95 


S.6 


X 


34.57 


2.15 


1 7 


X 


80.75 


11.70 


9.24 


13-16 


36.46 


2.54 


2. 


13-16 


83 60 


12.60 


9. So 


% 


40.39 


2.95 


2.3 


% 


86.58 


13.46 


10.55, 


15-6 


43.27 


, 3.37 


2.64 


15-16 


09.45 


14.35 


11.25 


1 


46.15 


3.84 


3.01 


2 


92.25 


15.35 


12. 



10 3 




Manufacturers of 

Patent Jail Locks, 

Brass and Iron Padlocks, 

R. R. Gar and Switch Locks, 

PATENT REVERSIBLE NIGHT LATCHES, 

Also Conductors' HAND and SIGNAL 

x J j^r<r i a? , E!rtKrs, 

Sash, Camagt aid Bloyob Lamps, Etc. 

Illustrated Catalogue sent to 
the Trade on Application. 






Rotner £ Co. 

28 to 42 

HER AVE., 

Newark, N. J. 







HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Iron, Steel, 


Copper and Brass 


Plates. 


DIAMETER AND 


rHICKNESS DETERMINED 


BY AMERICAN 


GAISGE. V 






Weight op Plates per Square Foot. 


No. of 

Gauge. 


Size of 
each No. 










Wrought 
Iron. 


Steel. 


Copper. 


Brass. 




Inch. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


0000 


.46000 


17.25 


17.48 


20.838 


19.688 


000 


.40964 


15.3615 


15.5663 


18.557 


17.533 


00 


.36480 


13.68 


13.8624 


16.525 


15.613 





.32486 


12.1823 


12.3447 


14.716 


13.904 


I 


.28930 


10.8488 


10.9934 


13.105 


12.382 


2 


.25763 


9.6611 


9.7899 


11.671 


11.027 


3 


22942 


8.6033 


8.7180 


10.393 


9.8192 


4 


.20431 


7.6616 


7.7638 


9.2552 


8.7445 


5 


.18194 


6.8228 


6.9137 


8.2419 


7.787 


6 


.16202 


6.0758 


6.1568 


7.3395 


6.9345 


7 


.14428 


5.4105 


5.4826 


6.5359 


6.1752 


8 


.12849 


4.8134 


4 8826 


5.8206 


5.4994 


9 


.11443 


4.2911 


i.3483 


5.1837 


4.8976 


10 


.1089 


3.8209 


3.8718 


4.6156 


4.3609 


11 


.090742 


3.4028 


3.4482 


4.1106 


3.8838 


12 


.080808 


3.0303 


3.0707 


3.6606 


3.4586 


13 


.071961 


2.6985 


2.7345 


3.2598 


3.0799 


14 


.064084 


2.4032 


2.4352 


2.9030 


2.7428 


15 


.057068 


2.1401 


2.1686 


2.5852 


2.4425 


16 


.050820 


1.9058 


1.9312 


2.3021 


. ' 2.1751 


17 


.045257 


1.6971 


1.7198 


2.0501 


1.937 


18 


.040303 


1.5114 


1.5315 


1.8257 


1.725 


19 


.035890 


1.3459 


1.3638 


1.6258 


1.5361 


2 J 


.031961 


1.1985 


1.2145 


1.4478 


1.3679 


21 


.028462 


1.0673 


1.0816 


1.2893 


1.2182 


22 


.025347 


.95051 


.96319 


1.1482 


1.0849 


23 


.022571 


.84641 


.8577 


1.0225 


.96604 


24 


.020100 


.75375 


.7638 


.91053 


.86028 


25 


.01790) 


.67125 


.6802 


.81087 


.76612 


26 


.01594 


.59775 


.60572 


.72208 


.68223 


27 


.014195 


.53231 


.53941 


.64303 


.60755 


28 


.•■.2641 


.47404 


.48036 


.57264 


.54103 


29 


.011257 


.42214 


.42777 


.50994 


.48180 


30 


.010025 


.37594 


.38095 


.45413 


.42907 


31 


.008928 


.334S 


.33926 


.40444 


.38212 


32 


.007950 


.29813 


.3021 


.36014 


.34026 


33 


.007080 


.2655 


.26904 


.32072 


.30302 


34 


.006304 


.2364 


23955 


.28557 


.26981 


35 


.005614 


.21053 


.21333 


.25431 


.24028 


36 


.005000 


.1875 


.19 


.2265 


.2140 


37 


.004453 


.16699 


.16921 


.20172 


.19059 


38 


.003965 


.14869 


.15067 


.17961 


.1697 


39 


.003531 


.13241 


13418 


.15995 


.15113 


40 


.(03144 


.1179 


.11947 


.14242 


.13456 


Specific Gi 


•av 


7.200 


7.296 


8.698 


8.218 


Weight per Cubic 










Foot 


450, 


456. 


543.6 


513.C 



(05 



Indispensable to Everyone Owning a Carriage. 

**- ■— COOK'S 




^*- s^ ^ \^. Patent CarriageWrench 



The above cv.t represents the Best C AKRIAGE WRENCH that has 
ever been placed upon the market. The nut is firmly held in the Wrench 
by a spring (instantly applied and released), thus preventing its fall- 
ing to the ground, and also the hands from getting greasy while re- 
moving from or attaching to axle. It is strongly made of malleable 
iron, well finished and in three sizes, J-in., 1-in., 1^-in. Merchants 
will find this a very salable wrench. A sample dozen, assorted sizes, 
will be Sent by Express to any address on receipt of $2.00, 

or one Wrench by Mail on receipt of 36c. 

R. B. THOMAS, Sole Agent, 

NO. 90 CHAMBERS ST., - NEW YORK. 



This Cut is Exact 

Size of our 
SAFETY RAZOB. 




Patented 
June 15, 1880, 
June 22,1880, 
May 4, 1886, 
June 22, 1886, 
June 22, 1886, 
Dec. 14, 1886, 
Mar. 8, 1887, 
April 12, 1887. 



THE STAR 

Jaffiit? Wmzm 



The Medal of Superiority 
awarded at American Institute, 
1884-5-6; and also, a Silver Medal 
awarded at Mechanics' Institute, 
San Francisco, Cal.,1886. 

A Great Invention 



Which renders Bhaving an easy and convenient 
luxury, and obviates all danger of cutting the 
face. Warranted to shave clean. Time and 
money saved. Delays in barber shops avoided. 
It is especially adapted to the aged and to the 
young, and is indispensable to travelers by land 
and by sea ; to miners and persons camping out J 
to the indolent and the luxurious ; to the man 
who wants a quick shave, and him whose skin is 
too tender to admit of the application of the or- 
dinary razor. Once used you will never be 
without it. 



KAHFFE BIOS., 



No. 8 Reade St„ 



New York. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



RULES FOR COMPUTING WEIGHTS OF 
METALS. 

I. — CAST IEON. 

To find the weight of a cast-iron rod or bar : multiply the 
weight of a wrought rod or bar from the usual tables, and 
deduct 2.27 of its weight. 

II. — WBOUGHT IEON. 

To compute the weight of any piece of wrought iron : find 
the number of cubic inches it contains and multiply by .2816. 
This will give the weight in pounds. 

III. — CAST IEON. 

Multiply the number of cubic inches by .2607. 

rv. — COPPEE. 
To compute the weight of copper : ascertain the number of 
cubic inches, and multiply by .3242. 

v. — LEAD. 
To compute the weight of lead : multiply the number of 
cubic inches by .41015. 

yi. — BBASS. 
To compute the weight of brass : multiply the number of 
cubic inches by .3112. 



USEFUL MATHEMATICAL RULES. 

To find the area of a parallelogram : multiply the length by 
the breadth. 

To find the circumference of a circle : multiply the diame- 
ter by 3.14159. 

To find the diameter of a circle : multiply the circumfer- 
ence by .31831. 

To find the area of a circle: multiply the square of the 
diameter by .7854; or, multiply the square of the circumfer- 
ence by .079577; or, multiply half the diameter by half the 
circumference. 

To find the area of a circular ring : multiply the sum of the 
diameters of the two circles by the difference of the diameters, 
and that product by .7854. 

To find the side of a square that shall equal the area of a 
given diameter or circumference : multiply the diameter of the 
circle by .886227; or, multiply the circumference of the circle 
by .282094. 

To find the diameter of a circle that shall contain the area 
of a given square : multiply the side of the given square by 
1.12838. 

To find the side of the largest square that can be inscribed 
in a circle of a given diameter or circumference : multiply the 
given diameter by .707106; or, multiply the given circumfer- 
ence by .225079. 

To find the circumference of a circle required to exactly 
admit a square of a given side : multiply the given side by 
.225079. 

"7^7 



|MNCuD I toFMTURJNG Cg; 



Largest Manufacturers of 



GALVA1ZED SHEET-IRON GOODS 

IN THE UNITED STATES. 
Such as 



"^Tater and I^ire ZBvicIrets, 




altf cmized |ron jfprinklera, 

Refrigerator or Drip Pans rv 

WELL BUCKETS, OIL TANKS, ETC, 

Also Manufacturers of the Justly-Celebrated 

Ewmm ©tall Hilfc ©m% 

In^New York, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Baltimore, Chicago, Boston 
and St. Louis patterns. 

GALVANIZED-IRON RANGE BOILERS, 

FRY-PANS, EIVETS, etc. 



IRON CLAD MANUFACTURING CO., 

22 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



§5 to © .«-* ©1 .? 



^ 






• •» * 

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109 



■^ Ct s 



CB 



i. r « 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. 



RUSSIA SHEET IRON. 



No. 7... 

" 8... 

" 9... 

" 10... 

" 11... 

" 12... 

" 13... 

" 14... 

" 15... 

" 16... 



Size. 



28x56 in. 



Weight per 
Sheet. 



6-i lbs. 

7i 

8 

9 

10 
lOf 

HI 
12} 

13* 

m 



Wire Gauge. 



No.>29 

28 

27 

26 

25 

24* 

24~ 

23^ 

22| 

21* 



SHEET ZINC 





G 


«*3 


Approximate Weight 


S 3 
bo 


*0Q 3 


-£.§ 


per sheet. 


S 


35 2 


be . 

'8 & 

CJ 






24 


23 


29 


30 


32 


34 


36 


40 




1 


X 


X 


X 


X 


X 


X 


X 


X 




P* 


84 

lbs. 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 






oz. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


6 


29 


7 


6* 


6j 


7* 


7f 


8} 


8! 


9} 




7 


28i 


8 


7 


71 


81 


8| 


9| 


94 


10* 




8 


28 


9 


74 


8* 


9i 


n 


10 h 


114 


HI 




9 


27 


10* 


9} 


10 


10* 


iii 


12* 


13 


13-? 




10 


26 


12 


101 


1H 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 




11 


25 


13J 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 




12 


24 


15 


13 


14 


15 


16* 


17* 


184 


20 




13 


23 


17 


15 


16 


17 


18* 


20 


21 


22 


25 


14 


22 


19 


17 


18 


19* 


21 


22 


23 * 


25 


28 


15 


21 


22 


19 


21 


22* 


24 


251 


27 


29 


32 


16 


20 


25 


22 


24 


25* 


27 


29 


31 


33 


36 


17 


19 


28 


25 


27 


29 


31 


33 


35 


37 


41 


18 


18 


31 


11 


30* 


32 


34 


36 


38 


41 


45 


19 


17 


35 


31 


33 


36 


38 


41 


44 


46 


51 


20 


16 


40 


35 


38 


41 


44 


47 


50 


53 


50 



SHEET LEAD 

IS MADE TO WEIGH, PER SQUARE FOOT : 

2>£. 3, 3% 4, 4%, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 pounds, and upwards. 



no 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



STANDARD WEIGHTS OF LEAD PIPE, Etc. 

WEIGHT PEE FOOT OF LEAD PIPE AND TIN-LINED LEAD PD?E. 



■4 8 


AAA 


AA 


A 


B 


C 


D 


E 


6a 


Brooklyn. 


Ex Strong 


Strong. 


Medium. 


Light. 


Ex Light. 


Fountain. 




Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


% 


1 8 


1 5 


1 2 


1 


13 


10 


8 


* 


3 


2 


1 12 


1 4 


1 


13 


11 


H 


3 8 


2 12 


2 8 


2 


1 12 


1 8 


1 


% 


4 8 


3 8 


3 


2 4 


2 


1 12 


1 4 


1 


6 


4 12 


4 


3 4 


2 8 


2 


1 8 


itf 


6 12 


5 12 


4 12 


3 12 


3 


2 8 


2 


IX 


9 


8 


6 4 


5 


4 4 


3 8 


3 4 


2 


10 12 


9 


7 


6 


5 4 


4 





LEAD WASTE PIPE. 



IX inch, 2B>s. per foot. 

2 "3 H)s. ** 
2% " 4 and' 6 B>s .*.'.*.' " 

3 " 3J£,4J$&5tts. " 



4 inch, 4%> 5,6 & 8 lbs... per foot. 
4% inch, 6, 6& &8B)s... " 
6 inch, 8, 10&12Bbs.... " 
6 " 9% and upwards.. " 



EXTSA WEIGHTS OF LEAD PIPE. 



Calibre. 


7-16 Thick. 


% Thick. 


5-16 Thick. 


X Thick. 


3-16 Thick. 




Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


2% inches.. 





16 11 


13 11 


11 


7 13 


3 u ... 





19 10 


16 


12 


9 


3>* " .. 


26 10 


21 10 


18 5 


15 


9 8 


4 " .. 


30 


25 


21 


16 


12 8 


4 J* " .. 











18 


14 


5 " .. 





31 





20 






PATENT FINISH DBOP SHOT. 

AMERICAN STAHDARD SIZES. 



Extra Pine Dust 


Diameter 
in lOOths of 

an inch. 
.. IX 
3 
4 
5 
6 
..Trap Shot 

i. Trap Shot 

8 
..Trap Shot 

9 
..Trap Shot 
.. 10 


No. of 

Shot to 

the oz. 

84021 

10784 

4565 

2326 

1346 

1056 

848 

689 

568 

472 

399 

338 

291 


No 
u 
»i 

M 
II 

II 
It 
II 
II 
II 
1. 
11 
11 


, 6 


Diameter 
in lOOths of 
an inch. 
11 


No 
She 
the 


.of 
>tto 
oz. 

218 


Fine Dust 


5 


12 


168 


Dust 


4 

3 

2 

1 


...... 13 

14 

...... 15 

16 


13tf 


No. 12 


106 


" 11 o... 

" 10 


86 
71 


" 10 

" 9 

" 9 

" 8 


B 

BB 

BBB ... 
T 


17 

18 

19 

20 


59 
50 

42 

36 


" 8 


TT 


21 


31 


" 7... 


» 


22 


27 


" 7 


FF 


23 


24 





COMPRESSED BUCK SHOT. 




No.8 


Diameter 
in lOOths of 
an inch. 
25 


No. Of 

Balls to 

theA 

284 

232 

173 

140 


No. 00 


Diameter 
in lOOths of 
an inch. 
34 


No. of 

Balls to 

theft. 

115 


44 2 


27 

30 

32 


44 000.... 


36 


9« 


" 1 

" 


Balls 


38 

44 


85 
50 



III 



Eb 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. 



Wei glit and Dimensions of Wrought Iron Welded Pipes* 

FOB GAS, STEAM AND WATEE. 



Inside 


Outside 


Weight 


Inside 


Outside 


Weight 


Diameter 


Diameter 


per foot in 


Diameter 


Diameter 


per foot in 


in inches. 


in inches. 


pounds. 


in inches. 


in inches. 


pounds. 


X 


0.40 


0.24 


3 


3.5 


7.54 


% 


0.54 


0.42 


3# 


4.0 


9.05 


% 


0.6T 


0.56 


4 


4.5 


10.72 


h 


0.84 


0.85 


4X 


5.0 


12.49 


% 


1.P5 


1.12 


5 


5.56 


14.56 


1 


1.31 


1.67 


6 


6.62 


18.77 


VA 


1.66 


2.25 


7 


7.62 


23.41 


13* 


1.95 


2.69 


8 


8.62 


28.35 


2 


2.37 


3.66 


9 


9.68 


34.07 


1% 


2.8T 


5.77 


10 


10 75 


40.64 



Lap Welded American Charcoal Iron Boiler Tubes, 

TABLE OF STANDABD SIZES. 



rs 


6-8 


Intern" 1 Di- 
meter. 




CO 

1 

s 


Length of 

Pipe per sq. 

ft. of inside 

surface. 


Length of 

Pipe per sq. 

ft. of outside 

surface. 




"3 j 

go 


© 
3. 

* 5 
be o 


Ins. 


Inn. 


Ins. 


Ins. 


Ins. 


Feet. 


Feet. 


Ins. 


Ins. 


lbs. 


1 


3.142 


0.856 


2.639 


072 


4.460 


3.819 


575 


0.785 


0.703 


U' 


3 927 


1.126 


3.474 


0.072 


3.455 


3 056 


960 


1.227 


0.9 


1> 


4.712 


1.334 


4.191 


0.083 


2.863 


2.547 


1.396 


1.767 


1.250 


1* 


5.598 


1.560 


4 901 


0.095 


2.443 


2.183 


1.911 


2.405 


1.665 


2 


6.2S3 


1.804 


5.667 


0.093 


2.118 


1.909 


2.556 


2. 42 


1.981 


2% 


7 069 


2 054 


6.484 


0.(98 


1.850 


1.698 


3.314 


3.976 


2.233 


2>, 


7.854 


2.283 


7.172 


0.109 


1.673 


1.528 


4.094 


4 939 


2.755 


k* 


8.639 


2.533 


7.957 


0.109 


1.508 


1.390 


5>39 


5.940 


3.045 


3 


9.425 


2.783 


8.743 


0.109 


1.373 


1.273 


6.083 


7.069 


3.333 


3U 


10.210 


3.012 


9.462 


0.119 


1.268 


1.175 


7 125 


8.296 


3.958 


3> 2 


10 9j5 


3.262 


10.248 


0.119 


1.171 


1.091 


8.357 


9.621 


4.273 


'*% 


.1.781 


3.512 


11.033 


0.119 


1.088 


1.018 


9.687 


11.045 


4.590 


4 


12.566 


3.741 


11.753 


0.130 


1.023 


0.955 


10.992 


12.566 


5.320 


4% 


14.137 


1 4.241 


13.323 


0.130 


0.901 


0.849 


14.126 


15.<>04 


6 01 J 


5 


15.708 


! 4.72 


14.818 


0140 


0.809 


0.764 


17.497 


19.635 


7.226 


6 


(8 849 


j 5.699 


17.904 


151 


0.670 


0-637 


25.509 


28.274 


9.346 


7 


21 .991 


1 6 657 


20.914 


0172 


0.574 


0-545 


34.805 


38.484 


12.435 


8 


25.132 


1 7. €33 


*3.989 


0182 


0.500 


0.478 


45.795 


50.265 


15.109 


9 


28.374 


8.615 


27.055 


0.193 


0.444 


0.424 


58.291 


63.617 


18.002 


10 


31.416 


9.573 


30. 074 


0.214 


0.399 


0.382 


71.975 


78.540 


22.19 



Iiitrht Wrought Iron Artesian Tube and Casing* for Oil 

Wells. 

STANDABD SIZES. 



Outside 

Diameter in 

inches. 



IX 

2¥ 

2^ 

2M 

3 

3# 

3>$ 

3* 

4 



Inside 

Diameter in 

inches. 



IK 
2 

2¥ 
2S 
2& 
3 

3* 

3* 

3X 



Weight per 

Foot^ 

Pounds. 



665 



1 

2.238 

2.755 

3.045 

3.333 

3.958 

4.272 

4.950 

5.320 



Outside 

Diameter, 

Inches. 



4% 

4* 

5 

5# 

5^ 

6 

6& 

7 

8 

8& 



Inside 

Diameter, 

Inches. 



4 

4X 

4X 

5 

53-16 

5% 

6# 

6* 

1% 



Weight per 

Foot, 

Pounds 

5.500 

6.010 

7.226 

7.667 

8.083 

9.346 
10 064 
12.435 
15.109 
16.155 



112 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 





BRAZED COPPER PIPES. 








WEIGHT PER RUNNING FOOT IN POUNDS. 




Diam. inch. 


Thickness in Inches. 




1-16 


3-16 


H 


5-16 


X 


7-16 


1 


.8 


1.2 


1.7 


2.7 


3.8 


4.9 


K 


1. 


1.5 


2.1 


3 3 


4.5 


6. 


Y 


1.2 


1.8 


2.5 


3.8 


5.3 


6.9 


% 


1.4 


2.1 


2.8 


4.4 


6. 


7.8 


2 


1.5 


2.4 


3.2 


4.9 


6.8 


8.7 


K 


1.8 


2.6 


3.6 


5.5 


7.6 


9.7 


Y 


1.9 


2.9 


4. 


6.1 


8.4 


10.6 


% 


2.1 


3.2 


4.4 


6.7 


9 1 


11.7 


3 


2.3 


3.5 


4.7 


7.3 


9.9 


12.5 


Y 


2.7 


4. 


5.5 


8 4 


11.4 


14.4 


4 


3. 


4.6 


6.3 


9.5 


12.9 


16.3 


X 


3.4 


5.2 


7. 


10.7 


14.4 


18.2 


5 


3.8 


5.T 


7.8 


11.8 


16. 


20.1 


Yi 


4.2 


6.3 


8.5 


13.1 


17.5 


22.5 


6 


4.6 


6.8 


9.3 


14.1 


19. 


23.9 



Standard Sizes, Lengths, &c,, of Seamless Drawn Tubing. 



00 © . 

■fl "53 £ 


si . 

Me? 




Weights 


per Foot. 


C|Og 


si 


48 .? . 


Weights per Foot* 




a » 
12 


pqcn 


Brass. 


Copper. 


13 ™.S 

a so 

1 15-16 


12 


^ £ & 

o 2 «s 

pqoQO 


Brass. 


Copper. 


% 


16 


11&10 


2 


2 1-10 


% 


12 


15 


X 


X 


2 


12 


it 


2 1-5 


*K 


13-16 


12 


15 


9-16 


, 9-16 


2X 


10 


a 


*K 


2X 


% 


12 


15 


% 


& 


2K 


10 


u 


2% 


2X 


15-16 


12 


15 


11-16 


11-16 


2X 


10 


u 


2X 


2% 


1 


12 


14 


% 


% 


2X 


10 


S&8}£ 


2K 


3 


m 


12 


14 


% 


% 


2^ 


10 


a 


3 


m 


1¥ 


12 


13 


1H 


1 


2% 


10 


tc 


sx 


*Y 


1% 


12 


12* 


IX 


IX 


3 


10 


U 


3 1-3 


*Yz 


1% 


12 


12 


1# 


16-10 


3^ 


10 


U 


3X 


m 


1% 


12 


11* 


1& 


17-10 


3^ 


10 


11 


*¥ 


Ws 


1% 


12 


11 


IK 


18-10 


4 


10 


<< 


5 


&Y 


1 13-16 


12 


11 


1 13-16 


19-10 


5 


10 


l( 


7 


8 


m 


12 


11&10 


1% 


1 15-16 













Weight of Brass, Copper, and Zinc Tubing, per Foot, 

Numbered by Brown & Sharpens Gauge. Weights in Thousandths of Lbs. 



BRASS. 
No. 17. 



Inch. 
U 

5-16 

% 
7-16 

Y 
9-16 



1 

1* 

1* 

1# 

IX 

2 

V 



Lbs. 
.107 
.157 
.185 
.234 
.266 
.318 
.333 
.377 
.462 
.542 
.675 
.740 
.915 
.980 
1.90 
1.506 
2.188 



BRASS. 

No. 20. 



Inch. 

X 
3-16 

u 

5-16 

% 

7-16 

56 
9-16 

& 

1 



Lbs, 
.032 
.039 
.063 

106 
.126 

158 
.189 
.208 
.220 
.252 
.284 
.378 
.500 
.580 



COPPER 

Lightning Rod Tube. 
No. 23. 



men. 

X 

9-16 

% 

11-16 

% 



Lbs. 
.162 
.176 
.186 
.211 
.229 



ZINC. 

No. 20. 



X 
X 
X 

i H 

IX 
IX 



.161 
.185 
.234 
.272 
.311 
.380 
.452 



113 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Value of Iron. 



VALUE PER GROSS TON (2240 LBS.) OF IRON AT PROM 1-10TH OP A CENT TO 

10 CENTS PER POUND, INCREA8INO AT RATE OP 1-10TH OF 

A CENT PER POUND. 



Per lb. in 


Price 


Per lb. in 


Price 


Pet lb. in 


Price 


cts.&l-lOths. 


Per Ton 
$2.24 


cts. &l-10ths. 


Per Ton 


cts.&l-lOths. 


Per Ton 


1-10 


3 5*10 


$ 78.40 


6 8-10 


$152.32 


2- 


4.48 


6- 


80.64 


9- 


154.56 


3- 


6.72 


7- 


82.88 


7 


156.80 


4- 


8.96 


8- 


85.12 


1-10 


158.04 


6- 


11.20 


9- 


87.36 


2- 


161.28 


6- 


13.44 


4 


89.60 


3- 


163.52 


7- 


15.68 


1-10 


91.84 


4- 


165.76 


8- 


17.92 


2- 


94.08 


5- 


168.00 


9- 


20.16 


3- 


96.32 


6- 


170.24 


1 


22 40 


4- 


98.56 


7- 


172. 4S 


1-10 


24.64 


5- 


100.80 


8- 


174.72 


2- 


26. S3 


6- 


103.04 


9- 


176.96 


3- 


29.12 


7- 


105.28 


8 


179.20 


4- 


31.36 


8- 


107.52 


1-10 


181.44 


5- 


83.60 


9- 


109.76 


2- 


183.68 


6- 


35.84 


5 


112.00 


3- 


185 92 


7- 


3S.08 


1-10 


114.24 


4- 


183.16 


8- 


40.32 


2- 


116.48 


5- 


19«>.40 


9- 


42.56 


3- 


118. '2 


6- 


192.64 


2 


44. SO 


4- 


120.06 


7- 


194.88 


MO 


47.04 


5- 


123.20 


8- 


197.12 


2- 


49.23 


6- 


125.44 


9- 


199.36 


3- 


51.52 


7- 


1*7.6% 


9 


201.60 


4- 


f3 76 


8- 


129.92 


1-10 


203.84 


5- 


55 00 


9- 


132.16 


2- 


206.08 


6- 


53.24 


6 


134.40 


3- 


208.32 


7- 


CO. 48 


1-10 


136.64 


4- 


210.56 


8- 


C2 72 


2- 


138.88 


5- 


212.80 


9- 


64.96 


3- 


141.12 


6- 


215.04 


3 


CT.20 


4- 


143.36 


7- 


217.28 


1-10 


69.44 


5- 


145.60 


8- 


219.52 


2- 


71. 68 


6- 


147.84 


9- 


221.76 


3- 


73.92 


7- 


150. OS 


10 


224.00 


4- 


76.16 











Hoop and Scroll Iron. 



NUMBER OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF FIFTY- SIX POUNDS 


. 


HOOP IRON. 


SCROLL IRON. 


Size. 


Feet in 
Bundle. 

815 


Size. 


Feet in 


Width. 


Thick. 


Width. 
Yi inches. 


Thick. 


Bundles. 


% inchet. 


No. 10 


240 


% " 


" 20 


630 


H " 


44 16 


430 


% " 


* 19 


450 


% " 


u w 


347 


1 « 


" 13 


36' 


K M 


" 10 


190 


1* u 


" 17 


2T8 


X " 


44 16 


360 


IX " 


" 16 


217 


M « 


« 14 


290 


ltf " 


44 15 


160 


X " 


4 12 


203 


IX " 


" 15 


139 


X u 


" 10 


160 


2 " 


ii 14 


110 


% " 


" 16 


310 








% « 


M U 


249 








% " 


44 12 


175 








l " 


«' 16 


270 








1 " 


41 14 


216 








J 1 " 


44 12 


152 






(4 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



LIST OF EXTRAS ON BAR IRON. 

Ordtvabv St7f« I Rounds and Squares f to 2 in. diam. 

Obdi> aby Sizes, v rlats 1 to 4X3 to lj and 4| to 6X3 to 1. 

3ZST\E3,.£u SIZES. 



I 3£ 
•1-1 "♦ —t 

£ <D 



Rounds and 
Squares. 



No 6 and ft in. 

No. 5 

No. 4 



fe ft 1 



W-8 



Nos.2,3,i& 

A 

a 

ts 

ft.. 

a* to 2j 



A 



3to3i.... 

3ft to 4.. 
4ft to 4i 

4ft to 5.. 



HALF BOUND. 

*toli 

4&tI 

f&ft 

i&ft 

f&ft 



l. 
i. 

o. 

0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 



Flats. 



ttxft. 

Hxi.. 

ttxft 

Hxft. 
txft. 
*xf.. 

*x^, 
fx-H. 
Jxft, 
IxA, 
*xi.. 

Hxft. 

Hxi.. 

fl'xft. 
Hxft. 

Hxft. 
Hxft. 

Hxi.. 
ftxl.. 
ftxA- 
ftxft. 



4.0 
3.5 
3.0 
2.5 
3.6 
3.0 
2.5 
2.3 
2.0 
1.8 
1.6 
3.0 
2.6 
2.5 
2.2 
1.8 
1.6 
1.4 
2.3 
1.9 
1.6 



Flats. 



kVxi...... 

fc & ftxft.... 

i&ftXitof. 

If&Hxft 

l&Hxi&ft. 
f&Hxftoi 



*xft 

txi&ft. 



fxft.. 
Jxi& 



ft. 



ixttof. 

ixft 

1 to6xiXft 

2 to 4X lft to 2.. 
2to4X2ft to 3.. 
4ftto6xlftto2 
4ftto6x2ftto3 






1.5 
1.3 
1.2 
1.1 
0.9 
0.7 
0.5 
0.7 
0.5 
0.4 
0.6 
0.5 
0.4 
0.4 
0.2 
0.2 
0.3 
0.2 
0.4 



For cutting to specific lengths, 10 to 20 feet, 0.2 cent extra. 



CAST STEEL CROWBARS. 






Weight | — | ' 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 


16 | 


18 


InchSquare I — I J | 1 | lft | \\ 


1 lft! 


H 


Inches in Leugth. | — ! 48 | 54 | 62 | 63 


66 | 


67 


Weight j 20 ! '22 I 24 | 26 | 28 


30 | 




InchSquare | l-\ | lft | If | If | 1* 


H | 




Inches in Length.. | 72 | 72 | 72 | 74 | 74 


76 1 





COPPER SHEATHING SHEETS. 

Sheathing in the a true .ipol'.ed only to sheets measuring 14x48 inches. 
Showing Wr. per -h et. So. of she-^tn p*«r ea*e ai'1 Wt per c»8f . 



Oz. per sq. foot. . . 


16 

4.10 
"7*5 


lfc 


20 


22 24 


26 


28 


30 


32 


Pounds per sheet. 


5.4 
115 


5.13 
100 


6.7 

100 


7. 
85 


7.9 

80 


8.3 

75 

613 


8.12 


9.5 


Sheets per case . . . 


70 
613 


65 


Pounds per case . . 


583 


604 


583 


642 


595 


607 


607 



115 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Flat Iron. 

WEIGHT OF KTJNNING FOOT IN POUNDS. 



<S80Mft'* .OHNMas^OWh-K-OJ CO "* »ft SO b- ev «MOeb-» 



t-COOrHMlOOaOJrKN^lflt-OMO eO«OOJiMiOGCr-i»OCOT-tTflb-Oori«0 

0«Nt-b'b'Ht^b'OOOOI»(»CCO>0>0>OOOOTHHH(SNNMMCO'<*Tl<rflO 



co «© o*w«^^b-rr'w^^!^T?brco__toT--'brCOO>»o . b-co © *Q c* b«*Q. 



^ GO i rH««5»0»t-0JOi-i0<uaC0Oa:O00THC050C0H^«0C4«'*b.Cft<M ( W 
»l0»0O«0<SO«C<0»Otih.h'b«b'a)Q0 00Q0O0>0Jc>O , doOTHHHHe«N 



coooqjo* ^ - r-t CO (N CO CO "# »o «© *- b- GO © rH <M ff* eo "# k© «o eo b- CO © 

^W©t«0» T-JCQC0rf»0«0b-G0OfflTl<«0C0O<Nk0fc-0»rHC0U5t— OrlCD^b* 

T*^T*Ti<T*»0»©XOOU50«0»OW«0©©«o"©b-b«b-b^b^Co'cdc»C» 



rHCC"*eOb-C>Off« 
COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO^^^^^^ri<Tf»0»QlOO»0*©»a©cOOO©«Ob-b-b-b- 



<>IO*COCO^»00©©b-b-GOOO©©^CNCOTtlO©b-GO©©THC*CO'<*kO«Ob-aO 

o^«oieio^«oJo^e?oioic^«eico«5«5(McoiMeoi»coco^ 



HHH««(?>ffic(:MMcO'<i'Ti*'^ioia?0!Ot-t-cioaDOJO>oO' 



O*O»C*©*<NO»C*C*0*<S» 



§3 



.*•..•■••••• i . , !••••• • 

••• ( ■ 



few ****;$ ******£ :*** ^^« *** *** **:* 

I 10 <o *-• go e» © t-i c 



CO C*TiJ*Ob-<»©THCO^«OCO©rH©*^lQb-©©C0CO»G©C©©?^CO^©b^©r*<NTi<xa 



c*c*©*©*c*c*c*cocococo«oco'«#Ti<^Tji'<*'<#io*aio»o»o»o»©«©«©«o<© 



3 



t«_M«OftlS»OOOH>*b» CO«O©C?l«O00ff»lOGO — COb- M'OCKNWCO'-M'b- 
T HCO^lO«OGO©©<y»CO'*«©b-CO©TH©*cO»0«Ob-©©r-iCOTl<»0«OGO©©©»COTfl 



0»0^©<©^0»O^O^ff«COCOCOO(SCOCOCOr^^rJ<^-*Tl<rl<^»0»0»OU3 



co^^^ioio «o«»b-b-b-co o»o>o» th th eo c* co co -# "* ^ Mi w «o 50 b- t~ jr 

GO©©iHe*COT*»0«Ob-(»©©THC*^^©b«GO©©rH<*«eO^O©b-CO©©rHC*CO 
"rHrHiHrHrHrHT^rHrHrHciwcicfloicSc^cic^COOTCOCOMCO 



tO^fffl h-lOCOrH©b->«*<M 
U5«Ob-C»>GOO»OT-ir-lcqcOTj<«5 



SJOOfflfflOlWfflOlCOlNOIO^CNCOCOCOCO 



<? 



b- b- CO CO © © ' 



10 »o «o »-< «o tH «© O* b- 0* b- CO CO CO CO CO 
C* CO CO "<# t* IO IO CO «© b- b- CO CO © © — • 



<M<M<M ff» 



5.3 

§3 



• •• • 

• 

• « ■ I ...... t 



*****:*« ***•***# ******* 3?*tt***«,,** 

. CO CO *tf *o 



116 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Flat Iron— Continued. 

WEIGHT OP RUNNING FOOT IK POUNDS. 



b- 00 GO os OS 



IOIO»NOOOOC 



I MIC b» t— 

y I -"HHocot- 
co 



° JHri t-*»-* ff" O* 01 CO CO* CO* CO* ^^'r|Iw'w5 0oVVo!)OOOC>dOrirHlS«MC!JTil lO 



(Ot-t- co os 



MMlOtO 



<y» co o t-co 



cm co »o \a os 



$'■ 



b-C0C0COC0C0C0OSCSOSOS©S©©©©T^rHeSe«<>lCOCOCOTjiTji-«#»QlQ'.C>?O«Ob-b« 






^X^&^ **^***25 **« **£ ^^^ **& *** 

IQ tO b- CO OS © r-t OS: 



CO O b- GO (MMOt-QO ff» CO »0 b- GO Ol. CO O b- GO N« lO lOOONMIO W » 
CTi.t-r-(lO ^GOCMOOOCiCOfc-T-HO Tj(Q051»0100>Mb'H»OOTj(00(J)»OlO 

caM^^'o'lOlOtt'ttVVh-OOaSJCJo'odrlrHNNffiM'M t* -* »0 »o" 1Q «©* <© b^ *-* 



OS GO IQ tH*— t* t- CO OMOJONQlOffJOOrJtHOM Or* W5 OS. 10 OS CS *0 

OOOOMt-HntCONOSJWOOcnHH^QONWOJMCO^b-HlOCONlOOM 

OS CO CO It* i -^ rjl iO «5 VO «0 «©" «© b- b- 00 > CO* CO OS OS OS O ©' © t-h r-I Ol* OS Ol CO CO CO ■*# Tjl Tjl ifl) 



t-1 OS. •<# 10 «o t- OS H (?) t* lfl o oo c> OS OS t* «5 b- b- i 

ifiOOHrjiHOMO CO«00»OJ>OCOTH«5GOi-"*b-OCr-. 



OSOSCOCOCO'<*-^Tj<k©U5»QlO«D«©«0b-b-b-GOCOGOOSOSOS© OO ©«~r-iTHOSOIOICO 



OCO«eoO^MOOHTi(«C>e<TJtNO»WlOb'Offl>OCCOMlOOOi-'M ©-GO r-< rjt «© OS 

os os os o". co co co' co* -<# •<#" -^ t* iq" \q iq \d © ©' ©* t-* t-" t~ t~ od od od od os* os' os* os ©'©"©' ©* 



b»b-GOOS t-4 OS OS CO ■<# \G <0 b* b- CO OS HIMNM^IWOHHOCa r-t CM OS CO •*» IQ 

«OGOOO<»Ob-OST-<COiOb'OST-iCO»Ot- i ffJ^«000ON^OQ0Offl»at-»«C010b' 



t- © r* OS i-< OS b- W5 CO OS CO©SOCOt-<CS 

3 I "*W00OHMI0b«0>ri«^«00OH 

^ ^* t-J ,_* ©» os o* os ©J os' cd co' co" co co* **' ■<*" -«* ^* •<* i<* io »o o ioio(90(b«J«(Sb.W'i 



55 



*:*5«s»s*:*» *****:*» ****:*:*;* ^^^s;^«^ »* 

os co m* 10 



117 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



FLAT IRON. 



NUMBER OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF 112 POUNDS. 



Size. 



X 


bv 


X 


inch 


% 


(I 


516 


ii 


X 


it 


X 


it 




4 ; 


X 


it 


% 


il 


5-16 


it 


X 


l< 


% 


ii 


% 


it 


tf 


IC 


% 


H 


% 


II 


% 


it 


5 16 


II 


% 


it 


X 


It 


\ 


* ; 


T-ia 


II 


% 


• i 


X 


II 


X 


<< 


g 


CI 



et in 
n die. 






Size. 




267 


% 


by 


X 


inc 


216 


% 


.i 


5-16 


IC 


175 


% 


u 


% 


(i 


214 


% 


u 


7-16 


ii 


170 


% 


II 


X 


II 


145 


% 


II 


S A 


i i 


106 




II 


X 


it 


175 




II 


5-16 


cc 


142 




II 


% 


ll 


120 




II 


7-16 


tl 


103 




II 


X 


IC 


90 






9-16 


IC 


70 




11 


X 


II 



Feet in 
Bundle. 

. 155 

. 122 

. 100 

90 

75 

60 

. 135 

. 106 

90 

. 78 

65 

60 

52 



Round and Square Iron. 

NUMBER OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF 112 POUNDS. 



ROUND IRON. 




SQUARE IRON. 




Size. 
3-10 inch 


Feet in 
Bundle. 

.. 1115 


Size. 
3-16 inch 


Feet in 
Bundle. 

953 


V '« 


683 


X " 


540 


5-16 " 


440 


5-16 " 


345 


^ " 


305 


% " 


240 


7-16 •• 


225 
170 


7-16 " 


176 


X •« 


% " 


135 


9-16 " 


136 


9?i6 « ::: ::::::.. 


107 


&/ l* 


110 


% " 


87 


11-16 " 


90 


11-16 " 


70 


% " 


75 


H " 


60 



Round Bar Iron. 

WEIGHT OF A RUNNING FOOT IN POUNDS. 



A 



1-16 
3-16 

X 

5-16 
7-16 
9-16 



11 



71 

16 

X 

13-16 

H 

15-16 



Wt per. 


(1 

s 


Wt. per 
foot. 
Lbs. 


h3 


Wt. per 


b£ 


foot. 
Lbs. 




foot. 
Lbs. 


13 


.01 


1 1-16 


2.975 


2* 


11.9 


4 X 


.0411 


X 


3.338 


M 


13.3 


X 


.0925 


3-16 


3.725 


% 


14.75 


% 


.1651 


¥ 


4.12 


V 


16.4 


X 


.2573 


5-16 


4.545 


X 


18.1 


X 


.371 


H 


5. 


% 


19.85 


X 


.505 


7-16 


5.455 


% 


21.5 


X 


.657 


X 


5.945 


3 


23.7 


5 


.835 


9-16 


6.445 


X 


25.55 


X 


1 031 


H 


6.975 


V 


27. SI 


2 


1.235 


11-16 


7.52 


% 


29.65 


% 


1.475 


X 


8.05 


tt 


32.25 


# 


1.74 


13-16 


8.65 


X 


34.45 


% 


2.015 


y* 


9.25 


X 


37.1 


% 


2.31T 


15-16 


9.9 


% 


39.5 


V* 


2.625 


2 


10.55 


4 


41.95 


6 



Wt. per 
foor. 
Lbs. 

44. So 
41.54 
50.33 
53.32 
56.34 
59.44 
62 C'2 
65. S3 
69.23 
72.65 
76.13 
79.75 
83.45 
87.20 
91 50 
95. 



FOR STEEL multiply tabular number above (for size) 1.01. 



118 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



SQUARE BAR IRON. 

WEIGHT OF A RUNNING FOOT, IN POUNDS. 



Thick 
Inch. 

1-16 

1-3 

3-16 

1-4 

5-16 

3-8 

7-16 

1-2 

9-16 

5-8 

11-16 
3-4 

13-16 
7-8 

15-16 



1 



Wt. per 


Thick 


ft. Lbs. 


Inch. 


.0131 


1 1-16 


.0525 


1-8 


.1182 


3-16 


.2103 


1-4 


.3200 


5-16 


.4735 


3-8 


.6445 


7-16 


.84 


1-2 


1.063 


9-16 


1.314 


5-8 


1.59 


11-16 


l'.Sfc 


3-4 


2.221 


13-16 


2.575 


7-8 


2.95 


15.16 


3.35 


2 



Wt. per 
ft. Lbs. 



3.80 

4.25 

4.73 

5.25 

5.78 

6.35 

6.95 

7.55 

8.2 

8.85 

9.57 

10.30 

11.05 

11. S3 

12.62 

13.4 



Thick 
Inch. 



1-8 
1-4 
3-8 
1-2 
5-8 
3-4 
7-8 

1-8 
1-4 
3-8 
1-2 
5-3 
3-4 
7-8 



1 

Wt. per 


Thick 


ft. Lbs. 


Inch. 


15.15 


4 1-8 


17. 


1-4 


IS 5 


3-S 


25.5 


1-2 


23.1 


5-S 


25.2 


;--4 


27.5 


7-S 


30.05 


5 


32 . 75 


1-3 


35.5 


i — * 


3S.2? 


3 3 


41.15 


1-2 


44.15 


5-S 


47 . 20 


3-4 


50.25 


7-S 


53 75 


6 



Wt. per 

ft. Lbs. 

57.20 
6J.75 
C4.35 
68. 
T*. 
75.65 
79.80 
83.8 
83.25 
92.5 
97.15 
101. 
105. S 
110.5 
115.15 
120.25 



FOR STEEL multiply tabular number above (for size) by 1.01. 



BAND IRON. 

NUMBER OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF 112 POUNDS. 



Size. 




Size. 








Feet in 
Bundle. 




Feet in 










Bundle. 


Width. 


Thick. 




Width. 


Thick. 




IX inches. 


No. 12 


265 


2% inches. 


No. 12 


110 


IX " 


»« 10 


213 


2% " 


44 10 


88 


IX " 


« 7 


160 


2% ' 4 


" S 


72 


1* k< 


m 12 


246 


2% " 


M 6 


60 


ltf 


" 10 


190 


3 44 


m 12 


101 


IX " 


■i 7 


145 


3 44 


44 10 


80 


IX " 


m 12 


205 


3 44 


44 8 


66 


IX 


44 10 


160 


3 " 


44 6 


57 


IX u 


ii 7 


120 


3# 44 


44 10 


75 


ix ■• 


44 12 


175 


3X 44 


44 8 


60 


IX M 


44 10 


13S 


3X 44 


44 6 


50 


1% " 


44 8 


110 


3X " 


" 10 


69 


IX " 


44 7 


• 100 


3X 


44 8 


57 


2 


44 12 


155 


3X 


" 6 


• 48 


2 "« 


44 10 


120 


4 44 


44 10 


60 


2 " 


44 8 


99 


4 4 ' 


44 8 


50 


2 " 


44 7 


90 


4 44 


44 6 


40 


2 " 


44 6 


81 


4X " 


44 10 


52 


2% " 


44 12 


135 


4X " 


44 5 


43 


2X * 


44 10 


105 


4X 


44 6 


35 


2% " 


44 8 


88 


5 " 


44 10 


48 


2% " 


44 6 


72 


5 44 


44 8 


40 


2X •* 


m 12 


120 


5 <4 


44 6 


14 


2X " 


" 10 


V * 5 


6 4 - 


44 10 


40 


2X " 


44 8 


77 


6 44 


44 8 


32 


2X 


44 6 


65 


6 44 


44 6 


26 



!!9 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Tire Iron, 



PEB SET OF 54 FEET. 



Size. 


Lbs. 


Size. 


Lbs.' 
56 


Size. 


Lb*. 


1 by 3-16 


34 


1 1-4 by 1-4 


1 1-2 by 5-8 


169 


1 by 1-4 


45 


1 1-4 by 5-16 


70 


1 5 8 by 1-2 


148 


1 by 5-16 


56 


1 1-4 by 3-8 


85 


1 5- 8 by 5-8 


1*8 


1 by 3-8 


68 


1 1-4 by 7-16 


99 


1 3-41y 1 2 


158 


1 1-8 by 1-4 


50 


1 1-4 by 1-2 


113 


1 3-4 by 5 8 


197 


1 1-8 by 5-16 


63 


1 3-8 by 3-8 


93 


1 3 4 by 3-4 


236 


1 1-8 by 3-8 


75 


1 3-8 \ y 1-2 


124 


2 by 1-2 


180 


1 1-8 by 7-16 


88 


1 1-2 by 3-8 


101 


2 by 5-8 


225 


1 1-8 by 1-2 


101 


1 1-2 by 1-2 


135 


2 by 3-4 


270 



Railroad Spikes. 

NUMBER IN 100 POUNDS. 



OB 

00 














Length. 


13 

H 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


12 j 14 


1-4 


1340 


1060 


870 


680 












5-16 




620 


580 


540 














3-8 






460 


380 


320 


290 


250 








7-16 






320 


280 


240 


220 


200 








1-2 






260 


210 


180 


170 


140 


130 


110 




5-8 






170 


130 






100 


90 


80 70 



Wrought Boat and Ship Spikes. 



NUMBEB IN A KEG OF 150 POUNDS. 



00 
OB 

a 

M 

o 


Length. 




3 

1910 


H 


4 


4* 


5 


5J 


6 


6J 


7 


74 


8 


8J 


9 


Pi 


10 


1-4 


1585 


1326 


1223 


1025 






5-16 


1010 


963 


810 


605 


583 




521 


















7-16 






642 


503 


461 


423 


402 


321 
















1-2 










340 


312 


298 


280 


261 


240 


223 










9-16 














221 


200 


190 


180170 


160 


150 


140 


ISO 


5-8 






















140 


130 


120 


110 


100 



120 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Sizes of Tanks and Contents. 



Diameter. 


Depth. 


Gallons. 


Diameter. 


Depth. 


Gallons. 


Feet. 


Feet. 




Feet. 


Feet. 




12 


8 


6,767 


24 


12 


40,607 


14 


9 


10,363 


26 


13 


51,628 


16 


9 


13,535 


2S 


14 


64,481 


IS 


10 


19,034 


30 


15 


79,310 


20 


10 


23,499 


32 


16 


96,253 


22 


11 


31.277 


34 


17 


115,451 



Capacity of Cisterns and Reservoirs in Gallons. 

DEPTH 10 INCHES ; DIAMETER FBOM 2 TO 25 FEET. 



2 feet 

3 " 

3X " 

4 " 
4^ " 



.19.5 

.30.6 

.44.06 

.59.97 

.78.33 

.99 14 



5 feet.. 122. 40 



5# 
6 

ey 2 

7 
1'A 



..148.10 
..176.25 
..206.85 
..239.88 
..275.40 



8 



10 

11 



feet.. 313. 33 
" ..353.72 
'« ..396.56 
" ..461.40 
" ..489.20 
11 ..592.40 



12 feet 

13 " 

14 " 

15 " 
20 " 
25 " 



. 705. 
. 827.4 
. 959.6 
.1,101.6 
.1,958.4 
.3,059.9 



Capacity op Boxes.— A box 24 inches long by 16 inches wide, and 28 
inches deep, will contain a barrel (3 bushels). 

A box 24 inches long by 16 inches -wide, and 14 inches deep, will contain 
half a barrel. 

A box 16 inches square and 8.4 inches deep, will contain one bushel. 

A box 8 inches by 8.4 inches square, and 8 inches deep, will contain one 
peck. 

A box 8 inches by 8 inches square, and 4.2 inches deep, wiil contain one 
gallon. 



© 

* i 

~ © 

© c3 

§ » 

«m 

© 



© 



S 2 



«M 
© 






p 

© 



1 



2 B 

Sots 

et O 

5 w 



O OS 00 O 00 Ti< <M O CO t- CO tO O ■<* t* CO 00 C* «© IO ■** CO CO CN <M ri 



CD 



HOOOMHCJrHMffl!OM«5lO'*MC»OTjtb' 



2«m & 



OQ 



B »-«»-. rH.-. 



B -a 
q _ -£ o 



co • <JQ • B 

= - -- - • - - r - "Ss - - d Is "is- - 
"3" bUs'* ~ ~ ~ ~ s~ " ~ .Ss si «' ' 



t: « • 

« a a 
s.2.5 
craa 



HO«^«H ^CO 7- *Kr1 r* ^©» CSHr 



WHHrl 



121 



H OPKINS" HANDY NOTES AN D QU E R I ES . 



Weight of Sheet and Plate Iron. 

THICKNESS BY BIBMINGHAM WIBE GAUGE AND INCHES, WEIGHT 
OP A SQUABE FOOT IN POUNDS. 



THICKNESS. 


Weight 


THICKNESS. 


Weight 










B.W. 

Gauge. 


Part of aa inch. 


Pounds. 


B.W. 

Gauge. 

11 


Part of an inch. 


Pounds, 


36 


.004 


.126 


.120 


4.48 


35 


.005 


.202 




% or .125 


5.054 


34 


.007 


.283 


10 


.134 


5.426 


33 


.008 


.322 


9 


.148 


5.98 


32 


.009 


.364 




5-32 or .1562 


C.305 


31 


.010 


.405 


8 


.165 


6.605 


30 


.012 


.485 


T 


.180 


7.27 


29 


.013 


.526 




3-16 or .1875 


7.578 


28 


.014 


.595 


6 


.203 


8.005 


27 


.616 


.677 




7-32 or .2187 


8.79 


26 


.018 


.755 


5 


.22 


8.912 


25 


.020 


.811 


4 


.233 


9.62 


24 


.022 


.912 




X or .25 


10.09 


23 


.025 


1.018 


3 


.259 


10*37 


22 


.028 


1.137 




9-32 or .2812 


11.38 




1-32 or .03125 


1.259 


2 


.284 


11.525 


21 


.032 


1.31 


1 


.3 


12.15 


20 


.035 


1.416 




5.16 or .3525 


12.58 


19 


.042 


1.695 





.340 


13.750 


18 


.049 


1.075 




11-32 or .3437 


13.875 


17 


.058 


2.35 




% or .375 


15.10 


16 


.065 


2.637 


00 


.380 


15.26 




1-16 or .0625 


2.518 




13-32 or .4062 


16.34 


15 


.072 


2.92 


000 


.425 


17.125 


14 


.083 


3.35 




8-16 or .4375 


17.65 




3-32 or .0937 


3.78 


0000 


.454 


18.30 


13 


.095 


3.85 




15-32 or .4607 


18.90 


12 1 


.100 


4.4 


00000 


X or .50 


20.20 



Weight of Sheet and Plate Iron, 



THICKN 


ESS IN INCHES. WEIGHT OF A SQUABE FOOT IN 


POUNDS. 


Inches 


Lbs. per 
SquareFoot 


Inches 


Lbs. per 


Inches 


Lb^. per 


Thick. 


Thick. 


Square Poot 


Thick. 


SquareFoot. 


9-16 


22.5 


1 % 


70.62 


3 V& 


156.51 


5 A 


25.21 


13-16 


73.14 


4 


161.55 


11-16 


27.75 


% 


75.58 


X 


16f>.6 


% 


30.25 


15-16 


78.20 


K 


171.76 


13-16 


32.75 


2 


80.75 


% 


176.71 


% 


35.26 


H 


85.75 


% 


181.77 


15-16 


37.75 


X 


90.81 


'% 


186.79 


1 


40.35 


% 


95.86 


% 


191.84 


1-16 


42.87 


% 


100.9 


% 


196.9 


% 


45.4 


% 


105.95 


5 


201. So 


3-16 


47.9 


X 


111. 


H 


206.9 


H 


60.45 


% 


116.1 


X 


211.95 


5-16 


52.96 


3 


121.15 


% 


217 


% 


55.45 


H 


126.21 


# 


222.05 


7-16 


58.01 


H 


131.26 


% 


227.01 


K 


60.52 


% 


136.32 


% 


232.15 


9-16 


63.05 


% 


141.37 


% 


237.2 


# 


65.56 


% 


146.41 


6 


242.25 


li-ie 


68.11 


% 


151.46 


,. 





For STEEL PLATES multiply tabular numbers above (for Size) by 1 . 01. 

_ __ 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight and Thickness of Boiler Iron. 



1-8 inch weighs 5 lbs. per sq.. ft. 



3-16 ' 


i k 


7fr M 


1-4 < 


< cc 


10 " 


5-16 ' 


c a 


12J" " 


3-8 ' 


t a 


15 " 


7-16 ' 


< u 


.17* " 


1-2 ■ 


( (< 


20 " 



No. 1 Iron is... 5-16 inch thick. 

No. 3 " ...9-32 " 

No. 4 " ...1-4 

No. 5 " ...7-32 

No. 7 " ...3-16 " 



Thickness of Boiler Iron Required 

AND PRESSUBES ALLOWED BY THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Pressure equivalent to the Standard for a Boiler 42-in. in di- 
ameter and J in thickness. 



X 

M 


Diameter in inches. 


l-a 


34 


36 


38 


40 


42 


44 


46 




Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


5 


169.9 


160.4 


152. 


144.4 


137.5 


131.2 


125.5 


** 


158.5 


149.7 


141.8 


134.7 


128.3 


122.5 


117 2 


*i 


147.2 


139.1 


131.8 


125.1 


119.2 


113.7 


108 y 


4 


135.9 


128.3 


121.6 


115.5 


110. 


105 


100- 


3f 


124.5 


117.6 


111.3 


105.9 


100.8 


96.2 


92 


3| 


113.2 


106.9 


101.3 


96.2 


91.7 


87.5 


83.. 


3 


101.9 


96.2 


91.2 


82.6 


82.5J 


78.7 


75.. 



Number of Burden's 


j Rivets in 


100 Lbs 




S\8 


Thickness 


in inches. 




Thickness 


in inches. 


s ^ 
















HH 


1-2 


5-8 


11-16 


3-4 


MM 


1-2 
433 


5-8 
267 


11-16 


[ 3-4 


4 


1,092 


665 






H 


212 


180 


i 


1,027 


597 






h 


413 


248 


201 


l<;9 


1 


940 


538 


450 




4 


395 


241 


192 


160 


1 


840 


512 


415 




4 




230 


184 


158 


1 


797 


487 


389 


356 


i 

4 




220 


177 


150 


3 

9 


760 


460 


370 


329 


* 




210 


171 


146 


* 


730 


440 


357 


280 


4 




200 


166 


138 


* 


711 


420 


340 


271 


5 




190 


161 


135 


3 

4 


693 


390 


325 


262 


i 




180 


156 


130 


8 


648 


375 


312 


257 




172 


151 


124 


2 


608 


360 


297 


243 


J 




164 


145 \ 


120 


* 


573 


354 


289 


237 


6 




157 


140 


115 


| 


555 


347 


280 


232 


JL 
4 




150 


138 


111 


f 


525 


335 


260 


220 


* 




146 


134 


107 


1 


500 


312 


242 


208 


ii 
4 




143 


129 


10^ 


3 


460 


290 


224 


197 


7 




140 


125 


100 



123 



If you wish to receive BOTTOM PRICES WHEN WRITING 

TO ADVERTISERS for Catalogues, just mention having 

seen the advertisement which instigated the 

request in the 

HOPKINS HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



BROWNING, SISUM & CO., 



No. 85 CHAMBERS ST., NEW YORK, 

MANUFACTUKE " 

Hardware Specialties, 

COTTER'S SPRING KEYS, 

AND 

MANUFACTURER'S SUPPLIES. 

D Rinp, Belt Hoots, Staples, k. 

In fact everything appertaining to 
"WIRE BENDING, 






SFac-bory, 



Brooklyn KTo^r ^SToric. 



THE PUBLISHER having made every effort to make this 
Book an acceptable gift to the Dealer to whom it is sent, would 
be pleased to receive in reply a Postal Card acknowledgement 
of its having safely arrived. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Spring Cotters and Keys and their Applications. 

SPRING COTTERS. 



No 


30 
13 
A 


31 


32 


33 

11 

i 

8 


34 

7 
a 

1 6 

i 


85 


3G 


37 


39 


P.9 






Wire Gauge. . 


13 

3. 
32 

4 


11 

JL 
8 


7 


4 


4 

i 

4 


1 

J 6 


1 


For Hole 


ft 
1 


l 

4 

1 


h 


For Nuts 


3 

4 


i 


U 


i* 


H 



SPRING KEYS. 



No 


000 
12 

7 
32 

T 


00 
12 

7 
32 




12 


1 
11 


n 
* 

7 
8 


2 

10 

9 
32 

1 


3 


4 


Wire Gauge 


10 






For Hole 


7 
32 


i 


3 9 * 

i 


9 






For Bolts 


3 
4 


1 

8 


1 







Machine Bolts with Square Heads and Nuts. 



Weight of 100, in Pounds, 



Length. 
Inchee. 






Thickness of Bolt in Inches. 








X 


6-K 


* % 


7-1 


6 Y> 


% 


% 


% 


IX 


4.16 


7.5< 


) 10 62 


15.9 


4 23.87 


39.31 






u 


4.22 


7.8" 


r 11.72 


16.9 


25 06 


41.38 


• • . • . 




2 


4.T5 


8.5( 


} 12.38 


18 2 


5 26.44 


45.69 


73.62 




H 


5.34 


9. IS 


\ 12.90 


19.3 


8 28.62 


49.50 


76. 




% 


5.97 


9.5J 


) 14.69 


20.6 


9 29.50 


61.25 


79.75 




% 


6.50 


10.44 


I 16.47 


21.5 


31.16 


53. 


83. 




3 




10.78 


J 17.87 


22.3 


8 32.44 


66. 


85.38 


127.25 


% 




11.81 


L 18.94 


26.1 


9 39.75 


63.12 


93.44 


140.56 


4 




... 


20.59 


28.8 


7 42.50 


74.87 


108.12 


143.37 


X 




... 


21.69 


29.8 


7 44.87 


79.62 


113.12 


158.76 


5 




. • • < 


23.62 


32.3 


1 4S.81 


83. 


122. 


16\25 


% 




• . . 


25.81 


34.4 


4 51.38 


87 88 


128.62 


174.88 


6 






26.87 


36.6 


2 53.31 


92.38 


131.75 


204.25 


Yi 




... 




• . . 


56.87 


96.88 


139.56 


214.69 


7 




... 




... 


. . . 


59.12 


99.87 


145 50 


228.44 


X 




• • • 




... 


. . . 


61.87 


105 75 


150.88 


235.31 


8 








■ • • • 


. . • 


64.44 


109 50 


157.12 


248.88 


9 




• • • 




.... 


, . . 


70.50 


118.12 


169.92 


258.12 


10 




• . . 






. • • 


77. 


128.13 


184. 


276.18 


11 




• . . 




• • • 


• • • 


82. 8S 


136.19 


195 13 


295.69 


12 




... 




i • . . 




86.37 


144. S7 


2(9.75 


311.94 


13 








. . . 




92. 


155.T2 


219.37 


?35.81 


14 




... 






• . • 


97 75 


16S.5S 


337.50 


351.88 


15 




... 




> . . . 


. . • 


. 103.25 


1 170.75 


349.05 


391.75 



125 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Tempering Steel. 

(Haswell.) 

Steel in its hardest state being too brittle for most purposes, the requisite 
strength end elasticity are obtained by tempering — or letting down the temper 
*)" it is ermed— which is performed by heating the hardened steel to a cer- 
tain degree and cooling it quickly. The requisite heat ip usually ascertained 
bv the color which the surface of the Steel assumes from the film of oxide 
thus 'ormed. 

The degrees of heat to which these several colors correspond are as follows: 

At 430, a very faint yellow. (Suitable for hard instruments ; as hammer- 

A14M), a pale straw color. ( faces, drills, &c. 

a full yellow (For instruments requiring hard edges without 

a brown color ( elasticity;assheare,ecissors,turningtoo]s,&c 

brown, with purple j For toolflf for cutting wood and soft metalg . 

nuri)ie 1 suc ^ as Pl ane "i r0I1 >" > knives, &c. 

dark bine (^ or ^ 00 ^ s requiring strong edces, without ex- 

Snv v»i«i "S treme hardness ; as cold-chisels, axes, cut- 

tUlDlue I lery, &c. 

. grayish blue, verg- JFor spring-temper, which will bend before 

ing on black ( breaking; as phwp. sword-blades, &c. 

]f the steel is heated higher than ihis, the effect of the hardening process 
is destroyed. 

It Mas Seen Stated 



At 470, 
A r 41)0, 
At 510, 
spois 
At f30, 

A* 550, 
At 56i>, 

At COO, 



That the temperature of furnaces &c, may be estimated with considerable 
accuracy by the color oi the fire, and that with a little practice the error at 
very high temperatures will not exceed 90°, or 10f» c , and the following table 
contains the result of observations with an air thermometer . 

Temperature, 
Color of Fire. Degrees F. 
Red, just visible 977 

" dull 1,290 

" cherry, dull 1,470 

" " full 1,650 



Temperature, 
Color of Fire. degrees F. 

Grange, deep 2,010 

" clear 2,190 

White heat 2,370 

Hl bright 2,550 

" dazzling 2,730 



clear 1,830 

Effect of Heat on Various Bodies. 



Degrees 

Ammoniaboils 140 

Ammonia (liquid) freezes —46 

Antimony melts 951 

Arsenic melts 365 

Bismuth melts 476 

Blood (human) heat of 98 

41 * 4 freezes 25 

Brandy freezes — 7 

Brass melts 1,900 

Cadmium melts 600 

Coai Tar boils 325 

Cold, greatest artificial —166 

44 greatest natural — 56 

CommonFire 790 

Copper melts . 2,548 

Glass melts 2,377 

Gold (fine) melts 2,590 

Gutta-percha softens 145 

Heat, cherry red l,50i» 

" " (Daniel) 1,141 

" brightred 1,860 

" red, visible by day 1,077 

" white 2,900 

Ice melts 82 



Iron (cast) melts 3,4? 9 

" (wrought) melts 3,980 

The sign — before the figures indicates that many degrees beiow zero or o 



Degrees. 

Iron, bright red in the dark. . . 752 

" red hot in twilight S84 

Lead melts 504 

Mercury boils 662 

" volatilizes 680 

" freezes —39 

Naphtha boUs 1-6 

Petroleum boils 306 

Platinum melts 3,080 

Potassium melts 135 

Proof Spirit freezes —7 

Saltpetre melts 600 

Sea-water freezes 28 

Silver (fine) melts 1,250 

Snow and Salt, equal parts. 

Spirits of Terpentine freezes. 14 

St*. -1 melts 2,5f0 

... u polished, blue 5S0 

" * ; straw color 460 

Strong Wines freeze 20 

Sulphur melts 226 

SulphAcid(ep.gravl,641)free«es — 45 

Tin melts 421 

Vinous fermentation 60 to 77 

Water in vacuo boils 98 

Zinc melts 740 



126 



Ill* 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of a Lineal Foot of Flat Steel in lbs. 



Inch. 


M 


H 


H 


K 


% 


X 


1 


^ 


.213 


.426 


.64 










| 


.266 


.533 


.8 


1.066 


... 


... 


... 


| 


.319 


.639 


.959 


1.28 


1.6 


... 


... 




.426 


.853 


1.28 


1.706 


2.133 


2.559 


... 


l£ 


.48 


.959 


1.439 


1.919 


2.399 


2.879 


3.84 


l| 


.533 


1.066 


1.6 


2.133 


2.666 


3.200 


4.266 


l| 


.586 


1.173 


1.759 


2.346 


2.933 


3.519 


4 693 


l| 


.639 


1.279 


1.919 


2.56 


3.199 


3.84 


5.119 


14 


.693 


1.386 


2.079 


2.773 


3.466 


4.16 


5.546 


*4 


.746 


1.493 


2.24 


2.986 


3.733 


4.479 


5.97b 


2 


.853 


1.706 


2.559 


3.413 


4.266 


5.119 


6.826 




.906 


1.813 


2.719 


3.626 


4.533 


5.439 


7.253 


.96 


1.919 


2.879 


3.84 


4.799 


5.76 


7.68 


2| 


1.013 


2.026 


3.039 


4.053 


5.066 


6.079 


8.106 


2i 


1.016 


2.133 


3.199 


4.266 


5.333 


6.399 


8.533 


2f 


1.019 


2.24 


3.36 


4.48 


5.6 


6.72 


8.96 


2'i 


1.173 


2.346 


3.519 


4.693 


5.866 


7.039 


9.386 


3 


1.28 


2.56 


3.84 


5.12 


6.4 


7.68 


10.24 


H 


1.386 


2.773 


4.16 


5.546 


6.933 


8.319 


11.093 


3± 


1.493 


2.986 


4.48 


5.973 


7.466 


8.95 


11.946 


^ 


1.6 


3.199 


4.799 


6.399 


7.999 


9.599 


12.799 


4 


1.706 


3.413 


5.119 


6.826 


8.533 


10.239 


13.653 


<H 


1.813 


3.626 


5.439 


7.253 


9.066 


10.879 


14.506 


4 


1.92 


3.84 


5.76 


7.68 


9.6 


11.52 


15.36 


2.026 


4.053 


6.079 


8.106 


10.133 


12.159 


16.213 


5 


2.133 


4.266 


6.399 


8.533 


10.666 


12.799 


17.066 


5* 


2.24 


4.48 


6.72 


8.959 


11.199 


13.44 


17.919 


4 


2.346 


4.693 


7.039 


9.38S 


11.733 


14.079 


18.773 


2.453 


4.906 


7.359 


9.813 


12.266 


14.719 


19.626 


6 


2.56 


5.12 


7.68 


10.24 


12.8 


15.36 


20.48 



American Sizes of Sheet Iron. 

The following table gives the pounds and ounces per square 
foot of plain and galvanized sheet-iron from No. 14 to No. 29, 
inclusive, and is the table upon which the current price lists of 
t .e rolling mills are based. 

NUMBEBS AND WEIGHTS OF SHEET IBON. 



No. 

14 

16 


Oz. 1 
60 
48 
43 
38 
33 
28 
24 
21 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 



Lbs. 
3 
3 
2 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 



Oz. 

12 


11 
6 
1 

12 
8 
5 



No. 

23 


Oz. 

19 
17 
16 
15 
14 
13 
12 


24 


25 


26 


27 


28 


29 





Lbs. Oz. 

1 3 

1 1 

1 



!27 






HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



1 . 

Weight of one foot of Bar Steel. 


ROUND. 


SQUARE. 


OCTAGON, 


Diam. In. 


Lbs. 


Side In. 


Lbs. 


Diam. In. 


Lbs. 

.84 


X 


.166 


X 




.213 


X 


% 


.375 


% 




.479 


% 


1.23 


% 


.667 


X 




.855 


% 


1.75 


% 


1.04 


% 




1.33 


% 


2.25 


% 


1.50 


% 




1.91 


1 


2.75 


7 /s 


2.05 


% 




2.61 


IX 


3.66 


1 


2.67 


1 




3.40 


IX 


4.55 


IX 


3.38 


m 




4.34 


1% 


5.50 


IX 


4 17 


XX 




5.32 


>x 


6.45 


1% 


5.G5 


XX 




6.44 


l 5 /a 


7.75 


^% 


6.00 


IX 




7.67 


1% 


9.20 


1* 


7.05 


1% 




9.00 


1% 


10.04 


1% 


8.17 


1% 




10.44 


2 


11.60 


IK 


9.38 


1% 




11.08 


2^ 


13.14 


2 


10.68 


2 




13.63 


2^ 


14.75 


2y 8 


12 04 


2K 




15.35 


•X. 


16.40 


2M 


13.51 


2^ 




17.20 


2# 


17.85 


*% 


15.05 


Ws 




19.17 


2^ 


19.50 


*Yz 


16.68 


2# 




21.20 


2% 


21.25 


1% 


18 43 


2^ 




23.30 


2% 


22.69 


2% 


20.19 


2M 




25.70 


3 


25.00 


2% 


22.00 


2K 




27.74 






3 


24.03 ! 


3 




30.60 






*X 


26.12 


*X 




33.18 






*M 


2S.20 


3^ 




35.90 






3% 


30.45 


3% 




38.78 






3X 


32 70 


3X 




41.65 






3^ 


35.12 


*% 




44.17 






3# 


37.54 


3K 




46.70 






4 


42.71 


4 




54.40 






*X 


48.22 


±X 




61.40 






*X 


54.06 


*X 




68.85 






5 


66.75 


5 




85.00 




American ai 


id Birmingham T 


Fire Gauges. 


Thicknes 


s in Inches. (Taken from 


Haswell.) 




«♦-. 


tt-i 




<M 


«w 




«H 


<*-> 




°.6 




£8 


la 


°.6 

.2 u 


O oS 






fco 


I* 


s s 


fco 


g* 


ga 


fca 


g< 


23 


. Inch. 


Inch. 




Inch. 


Incb. 




Inch. 


Inch. 


0000 


.46 


.454 


n 


.0907 


.12 


25 


.0179 


.02 


000 


.4096 


.425 


12 


.0808 


.109 


26 


.0160 


.018 


00 


.3648 


38 


13 


.0719 


.095 


27 


.0142 


.016 





3248 


.34 


14 


.0641 


.083 


28 


.0126 


.014 


1 


.2893 


.30 


15 


.057 


.072 


29 


.0112 


.013 


2 


.2576 


.284 


16 


.0508 


.065 


30 


.01 


.012 


3 


.2294 


.259 


17 


.0452 


.058 


31 


.0089 


.1 


4 


.2043 


.238 


18 


.0403 


.049 


32 


.0079 


.009 


5 


.1819 


.22 


19 


.0359 


.042 


33 


.007 


.008 


G 


.1620 


.203 


20 


.0319 


.035 


34 


.0063 


.007 


7 


.1443 


.18 


21 


.0284 


.032 


35 


.0056 


.005 


S 


.1*85 


.165 


22 


.0253 


.028 


36 


.005 


.004 


9 


.1144 


.148 


23 


.0225 


.025 








10 


.1019 


.134 


24 


.0201 


.022 









128 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Specific Grayity, and Weight 



TO CUBIC FOOT OF VARIOUS MATERIALS, 



Timber. 



Ash 

Beech 

Birch 

Cedar 

Deal, Christ'na 

Elm 

Hornbeam .... 

Larch 

Memel 

Mahogany, 

Spanish 

Oak, English . . 
Oak, Canadian 

Pine, Red 

Pine, Yellow.. 
Teak,Moulm'n 
Yew 

Miscellaneous. 

Asphaltum 

Gutta Percha. 
India Rubber . 
Ivory 



& 

u 
to 


X5 00 

« a 

U 

« o 


o 
"o 

<D 

.8 


4) O 

50 


.69 


43 


.71 


44 


.48 


31 


.7 


44 


.6 


37 


.75 


47 


.55 


35 


.6 


37 


.8 


50 


.93 


53 


.87 


54 


.65 


41 


.45 


29 


.65 


41 


.8 


50 


.9 


56 


.98 


61 


.94 


60 


1.8 


112 



Fluids. 



Alcohol 

Ether 

Oil 

Water, 

Fresh 

Water, Sea.. 

Artificial 
Substances. 

Brick 

Brickwork, 

in mortar.. 
Brickwork, 

in cement. 
Concrete, 

ordinary... 

in cement. 
Cement, 

Portland.. . 

Roman 

Glass .. 

Lime, quick. 

Mortar. 

Tile 



o 

ft 



.8 

.74 

.90 

1.000 
1.02R 



2.0 

1.6 
1.8 



1.9 
2.2 

1.3 

1. 
2.5 

.8 
1.7 
1.8 



a 
v 

*S 
> 



50 
46 
56 

62.4 
64.1 



124 

100 

112 
to94 

119 
133 

81 

63 

156 

50 

106 

112 



Stokes, 
Earths, &c. 



Chalk 

Clay , 

Coal....... 

Coke 

•Earth, 

Rammed 

Flint 

Gravel 

Granite . . . 
Grindstone 
Limestone. 
Marble. ... 

Sand 

Sandstone. 
Stone, 

Bath 

Stone, 

Portland, 
York Flag. 

Slate 

Shingle.... 



£3 a ts 

03 U 

So jg, 






Pi 



2.3 
2. 

1.3 

.8 

1.6 
2.6 
1. 

2.6 
2.1 
2.5 
2.7 
1.9 
2.5 

1.8 

2 1 
2.3 

2.8 
1.4 



243 

125 
82 
50 

100 
163 
120 
164 
131 
156 
168 
120 
156 

112 

131 

143 

175 

90 



Weight of a CuMc Foot of Various Substances. 



IN POUNDS. 



Petals. 


Wood, &c. 


Brass 


. 433. 
. 543. 


Live Oak 


66.75 
95.5 


Coal, Cannel 

Cotton, Bale 


. 94. 


Gun Metal 


Hickory 


. 14. 


Copper! 


. 545. 


Pine, White 


34. 


" Pressed. 


. 22. 


Cast Iron 


. 450. 


Spru«e 


31.25 


Earth, Loose.... 


. 94. 


Wrought Iron 


. 482. 


Corkwood 


15. 


" Mud 


.102. 


Lead 


. 710. 


Fire Brick 


137. 


Common Soil . . . 


.137. 


Mercury 


. 849. 


Coal, Anthracite 


93. 


Hay, Bale 


. 9.5 


Steel 


. 486. 


'• Bituminous 


\ 80. 


14 Pressed.,.. 


. 25. 


" Plates 


. 452. 










Tin 


. 455. 










Zinc, Cast 


428. 
, 450. 










" Rolled 





129 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND dUERIES. 



WORKSHOP RECIPES-CEMENTS FOR IRON. 



To Mend Iron Pots. 

Take two parts sulphur, and one part, by weight, of fine black lead ; 
put the sulphur in an old iron pan, holding it over the fire until it begins 
to melt, then add the lead ; stir well until all is melted ; then pour out on 
an iron plate or smooth stone. When cool, break into small pieces. A 
sufficient quantity of this compound being placed upon the crack of the 
iron pot to be mended, can be soldered by a hot iron in the same way that a 
tinsmith solders his sheets. If there is a small hole in the pot, drive a cop- 
per rivet in it and then solder it with this cement. 

Cement for Annealing Boxes. 

Iron filings, 100 parts; lime milk, 40; quartz sand, 50; vinegar, 20. 
These are worked with water into a paste to which may be added, to ren- 
der the mass more porous, hair, sawdust, etc. 

Iron Cement for Hermetically Closing Stove Doors. 

Finest iron filings, 100 parts ; sal ammoniac, 10 ; limestone, 10 ; soluble 
glass solution, 10. These are mixed with water to a thick paste, which is 
applied at once, and is left to dry slowly before heating. 

Cement for Broken Iron Vessels. 

Iron filings, 10 parts ; clay, 60. These are worked with linseed oil into 
a thick paste, which is applied after some more linseed oil has been added 
to it, and left to dry slowly. 

Bust Cement for Iron, 
Wrought-iron filings, 65 parts ; sal ammoniac, 2^ ; sulphur (flour), IX ; 
sulphuric acid, 1. The solid ingredients are mixed dry, sulphuric acid 
diluted with sufficient water being then added. This cement dries after 
two or three days, and unites with the iron, making a very resisting and 
solid mass. 

Cement for Filling Faults in Castings. 

Iron filings, free from rust, 10 parts ; sulphur, X '* sal ammoniac, 0.8. 
These are mixed with water to a thick paste, which is rammed into the 
" faults." This becomes strong when the iron filings are rusted. The parts 
which have to be cemented are treated before the operation with liquid 
ammonia, so as to be perfectly free from grease. 

Fire -Proof Cement. 

(1) Iron filings, 140 parts ; hydraulic lime, 20 ; quartz sand, 25 ; sal 
ammoniac, 3. These are formed into a paste with vinegar, and then applied. 
This cement is left to dry slowly before heating. (2) Iron filings, 180 parts ; 
lime, 45 ; common salt, 8. These are worked into a paste with strong vin- 
egar. The cement must be perfectly dry before heated. By heating it 
becomes stone-hard. 

Iron Cement for High Temperatures. 

(1) Iron filings, 20 parts ; lime powder, 45 ; borax, 5 ; common salt, 5 ; 
permanganate of potash, 10. The borax and salts are dissolved in water, 
and are then mixed with the two first-named ingredients as quickly as pos- 
sible and used. This cement changes at a white heat to a glassy mass, 
which is perfectly air-proof. (2) Permanganate, 25 parts ; zinc white, 25 ; 
borax, 5. These are treated with a solution of soluble glass, and used at 
once. This cement must be left to dry slowly, and then it will resist the 
highest temperatures. 

Cement for Gas Betorts. 

For cementing earthenware gas retorts, which have to withstand very 
high temperatures, the following cement can be used : Powdered glass, 5 
parts ; chamotte meal, 5 ; powdered borax, 1. Chamotte meal is obtained by 
pulverizing broken pieces of gas retorts. This cement is a hard glass which 
only melts at the highest temperature, and then closes the leaks in the re- 
tort. To render the iron retort cover which closes the retort air-tight, a 
cement is used consisting of schwerspath powder, to which as much 
soluble glass has been mixed as to obtain a paste of sufficient strength. "* 

130 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WORKSHOP RECIPES. 

Cement to Resist Fire and Water, and Harden Quickly. 

Two parts finely sifted unoxodized iron filings. 
One part, perfectly dry, finely powdered loam. 

Knead the mixture with strong vinegar into a homogeneous plastic mass, 
to be used as soon as made. 

To Soften Putty. 

To remove old putty from broken windows, dip a small brush in nitro- 
muriatic acid or caustic soda (concentrated lye), and with it annoint or 
paint over the dry putty that adheres to the broken glass and frames of your 
windows ; after an hours interval, the putty will have become so sof c as to 
be easily removable. 

Painter's Putty. 



Spanish whiting, pulverized 80.6) 



Made into a 
intended for 



j oil should be used 



stiff paste. If not 
immediate use, raw 



Mix. If 



Boiled Oil 20.4 

One pound of putty for stopping every 20 yards. 

Glazier's Putty. 

Whiting, 70 pounds ; boiled oil, 30 pounds ; water, 2 gallons, 
too thin add more whiting ; if too thick, add more oil. 

Cement for Stopping* Joints, Etc. 

White lead in oil, mixed with enough white sand to make it a stiff paste. 
This grows hard by exposure, and resists heat, cold and water. 

Cement for Leather Belting*. 

Take of common glue and American isinglass, equal parts ; place them 
in a boiler and add water sufficient to cover the whole. Let it soak 10 
hours, then bring it to a boiling heat, and add pure tannin until the whole 
becomes ropey or appears like the whites of eggs. Apply it warm. Buff 
the grain off the leather where it is to be cemented ; rub the joint surfaces 
solidly together, let it dry a few hours, and it is ready for practical use ; 
and, if properly put together, it will not need riveting, as the cement is 
nearly of the same nature as the leather itself. 

To Remove Rusty Bolts. 

To remove bolts that have become rusted badly, without breakiug 
them, is quite simple if understood. The best method is to apply kero- 
sene oil liberally, and give time for it to soften the rnst before any attempt 
is made to turn the nut. If, after the rust has softened, it does not start 
easily with the wrench, give a rap on one corner with a blow of the ham- 
mer. A hammer and cold chisel rightiy used will often start a rusted nut 
that would not yield to the wrench without twistiug off the bolt. 

How to Prepare Fence Posts* 

A western farmer says that he discoverd many years ago that wood could 
be made to last longer than iron in the ground. Time and weather, he says, 
seem to have no effect on it Posts can be prepared for less than two 
cents apiece. This is the recipe : Take boiled linseed oil and stir it in 
pulverized charcoal lo the consistency of paint. Put a coat of this over 
the timber, and, he adds, there is not a man that will live to see it rot. 

A Practical Rule for Laying* Pipe for Braining* Laud. 

Distance 
Soils. Depth of Pipe. apart. 

Coarse Gravel Sand 4feet6 inches 60 feet. 

Light Sand with Gravel 4 " 

Light Loam .3 " 

Loam with Clay 3 " 

" " Gravel 3 " 

Sandy Loam 8 M 

SoftClay 2 " 

Stiff " 2 " 



60 


44 


33 


44 


21 


44 


27 


44 


40 


44 


.21 


14 


15 


44 



Greatest Pall of Rain is 2 inches per hour= 54303 6 galls, per acre. 



131 



A.BJW.T.WESTERVELT, 

102 Chambers Street, 

Comer Church Street, NEW YORK, 

— MAITCFACTUREBS OF — 

kintal Ins, Copper and Zinc Work. 

COPPER WEATHER VANES AND BANNERETS, 

NEWEST AND MOST APPROVED DESIGNS. 

7w LINGS™ /4ft\ Garieii Vases. 

ddor a:;d warn? ^P^KW f*ii* J U *Mk I • 

TABLES. 

IRON AND BRASS 
BEDSTEADS. 

COPPER AND aALVANEED IRON 

LIGHTNING RODS. 

CAST IKON 

I Crestings, Finals, 



PLAIN m (OMENTAL 

Driveway Gates. 

WIRE WORK 

of every description for Banks, 
Offices, <fcc. 




AND 

Bannerets, 

For Houses, Churches, Towers 
and Public Buildings. 



Lamps^LanipPosts. 

FOUNTAINS. 
AQUARIA. 

FOUNTAIN JETS. 

Hand lU Horse Lawn Mowers and Garden Rollers. 

GALVANIZED RAILINGS EOS CEXETERY ENCLOSURES. 
Emblematic Signs for Various Trades, 

Iron Brass ani Nickel Plated Stable Hmr 

Hooks, Tie Rings, 
Water Troughs, 

Wood Covered 



SUCH AS 



Guards 

Mangers, 
Racks, 



Gutters, 



Posts, 




Brackets, 
Whip Racks, &c. &c- 



Special attention given to Architects' Drawings* 

Illustrate J Catalogues faraiahs'I to Architects, Builders, and the Trade, 



Office & Warsrooms, 102 CHAMBERS ST., cor. Church, New York, 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



E— 


44 


25 


H II 


D 


• i 


30 


IS (1 


D— 


(« 


35 


w " 


C 


<» 


40 


ii ii 


C— 


ii 


45 


ii ii 


B 


n 


50 


i. ii 


B- 


it 


60 


II !• 


A 


it 


75 


II II 



Taking "Atlas C Powder" as a standard, a single cartridge of that 
grade will weigh in ounces, according to its diameter and length, as 
follows ; 





Weight in Ounces 




Weight in Ounces 


Size of Cartridge. 


of 


Size of Cartridge. 


of 




each Cartridge. 




each Cartridge. 


%X6 


3H 


%xs 


Vi 


1 X6 


*Y* - 


1 X8 


5X 


13^X6 


5^ 


iy s x 8 


6% 


1^X6 


6X 


13^X8 


8 


IX X 6 


9% 


IX X 8 


I2X 


IX X 6 


13X 


IX X 8 


16 


2 X6 


16% 


2 X 8 


20 



Note. — For lower grades, reduce weight of cartridge ; for higher 
grades, increase weight of cartridge. 



POWDER AND SAFETY FUSE. 

Sporting Powdee is packed in 5 sizes of grain running from F 
(coarsest), FF, FG, FFG, FFFG (finest), the sizes in greatest demand 
being FG and FFG. 

Blasting Powder. — "A Blasting" is packed in 8 sizes of grain, TP 
(coarsest), TPG, F, FF, FG, FFG, FFFG, FFFFG (finest), the last size 
being especially adapted for use inGrauite quarries. 

" B Blasting" has 6 sizes of grain, C (coarsest), TP, TPG, F, FF, FFF 
(finest). It is glazed unless otherwise ordered. 

Shipping Powder (extra strength) is packed in 6 sizes of grain, TPG 
(coarsest), F, FF, FG, FFG, FFFG (finest). 

SAFETY FUSE 

Is of 8 qualities: Hemp, Cotton, Superior Hining, Single-Taped' 
Double-Taped, Triple-Taped, Small Gmta Percha, Large Gutta Percha, 
the qualities in greatest demand being Coiton and Single-Taped. 
12 inches of Hemp Fuse will burn out in about 9 seconds. 
12 M Cotton Fuse •« " 15 " 

12 " Single-Taped Fuse " " 18 " 

12 " Double-Taped Fuse " " 20 " 

Taped Fuse is made to resist influence of water and severe tamping. 
Safety Fuse is packed in barrels, each barrel containing a uniform 
number of feet, viz. : 

Cotton Fuse.. 14,000 feet in each barrel. 

Hemp .10,000 " 

Single-Tape Fuse 8,000 " " 

Double-Tape Fuse 7,000 ' k 

, Triple-Tape Fuse 5,0?O " " 

ATLAS POWDER. 

Put up in cartridges of either 6 or 8 inches in length, and from % of 
an inch to 2 inches in diameter, ana packed in 25-lb., 50-lb. short and 
50-lb. long boxes (the last, for convenience in handling, contain the 
powder in five 10-lb. paper boxes placed inside of the wood box.) 

Boxes marked E contain 20 per cent. Nitro-Glycerine Pcwder. 



133 



THOMAS McWHINNIE, 

POUGHKEEPSIE. 

NEW YORK, U. S. A. 

MANUFACTURER FOR THE EXPORT TRADE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF 

WHEEL BABBOW§, 

INCLUDING 

Canal, Coal, Ore, Stone,Railroaft, Brick &Wooi Barrows. 

Common Canal 
Barrows are pack- 
ed for export in % 
dozen lots making 
only two packages . 
The six trays in 
one package, and 
the Handles, 
wheels and all oth- 
er parts in the 
other package. 




Common Canal Barrow. 




Hudson River Garden Barrow. 




This Cut represents my New 
Cheap Garden Barrow, called 
the Hudson Kiver Gardeu Burrow. 
It is also Bolted, made well and 
strong. The Wheel is made of 
Bent Felloes (oak), \% inches 
tread, and 18 inches in diameter. 

I make on.yone size. It will 
hold about a- much as my No. 3 
Dutchess Garden Barrow. The 
sides are 12 inches high. The 
Barrows mcely painted and var- 
nished. To pack for shipping- 
It is the easiest packed Barrow 
there is in the market. Byre- 
moving two bolts at the bottom 
of the legs that go through the 
Leg and Brace, the whole Bar. 
row folds up in a very small 
space— can be set up in running 
order again iu very lew moments. 



Can be packed 
for shipping in 
two packages to 
each \ dozen 
in same manner 
as the common 
Canal Barrows 
described above 



DTJTCHESS <• BOLTED" R. *,. or CANAL BARROW. 



Wheels 18 inches in diameter, and l)g-in. tread, having bent felloes made of oak with Hubs cast in 
two parts and a wrought iron axle cast in, making an excellent wheel for hot climates as it cannot 
shrink or get shaky ; and being two inches larger than common canal barrows, makes it a very easy 
barrow to wheel. It is all bolua together with no mortuta in the handles, making it the BEST BABBOW 

OF THE KIND IN THE MARKET. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Plants or Trees. 



NTTMBEB TO THE ACRE AT GIVEN DISTANCES. 



Dis. apart. No. Plants. 

*foot .174,240 

1 " 43 560 

Ufeet 19,360 

2~ " 10,800 

2-h " 6,069 

3 "feet by 1 foot 14,520 



2 feet 7,260 

3 " 4,840 

lfoot 10,888 

2 feet 5,444 

3 " 3,629 

4 " 2.722 

5 " 1,742 



Dis. apart. 



No. Plants. 



6 feet 1,210 

8£9 

....... 680 

573 

435 

360 

302 

193 

134 

108 

69 

49 



7 


i t 


8 


i i 


9 


i t 


10 


.i 


11 


a 


12 


a 


ik 


( < 


18 


< t 


20 


Ll 


25 


U 


30 


it 



Customary and Legal Weight of Various Articles in the 

United States. 



Apples per 

" dried 

Barley 

Beans 

Buckwheat 

Broom Corn 

Blue Grass, Kentucky 

" " English.. 

Bran 

CanarySeed 

Castor Beans 

Clover Seed 

Corn, shelled 

" onear 

Corn Meal 

Charcoal 

Coal, Mineral 

Cranberries 

Dried Peaches 

Flax Seed 

Hemp Seed 

Hungarian Grass Seed 
Irish Potatoes, heap- 

ingmeasure 

Millet 

Malt 

Oats 

Osage Orange 

Orchard Grass 



lbs. 
bu. 48 
24 
48 
60 
48 
46 
14 
24 
20 
60 
46 
64 
56 
70 
50 
22 
80 
40 
28 
55 
44 
50 



60 
50 
34 
32 
33 
14 



lbs. 

Onions perbu. 56 

60 

8 
50 
56 
14 

50 
56 



45 
55 
60 

200 



Peas 

Plastering Hair 

Kape 

Rye 

Eed Top Seed. 

Salt, Coarse 

Salt, Michigan. 

Sweet Potatoes. 

Timothy Seed.. 

Turnips 

Wheat 

Beef and Pork, per bbi., net 

Flour, per bbl , net 196 

White Fish and Trout, per 
bbl., net 200 

Salt, per bbl 280 

220 
4J 
22 
45 
48 
25^ 
38 .V 
95 - 
135 
169 



Lime t 

Hay, well settled, per cubic it. 

Corn, on cob, in bin, ' ' 

Corn, shelled, " 

Wheat, 

Oats, 

Potatoes, " \* 

Sand, dry, 

Clay, compact, " 

Marble, 

Seasoned Beech Wood.per cord 5,616 



Hickory, 



6,960 



135 



NEW EXOELSIOK HORSE LAWN MOWER, 



^SPECIAL attention is invited to cmr EXCELSIOR 
Kf HORSE LAWN MOWER. Its Sectional Caster 
Wheels do not roll down the standing grass nor 
leave marks on the lawn. Its Side-Draft Attachment 
(which is furnished with the three larger-sized Mowers, 
allows the horse to walk only on the cut grass. We 
guarantee it to be the best 



Horse Lawn Mower 



MANUFACTURED 

and to do 

PERFECT WORK. 




NEW 



MODEL 



SIMPLICITY, 

DURABILITY and 
QUALITY of WORK 

It is Unequaled 

WHILE FOR 

LIGHTNESS OF DRAFT 

it excels, by a large parcentage, 
any other Lawn Mower made. 

Send for Circular and Price-List. 



MFG. CO., 

N.Y. 



onunnuinn 

MOWER 




niuUtiP' 'i 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



QUANTITY OF SEED REQUIRED 

TO PRODUCE A GIVEN NUMBER OF PLANTS AND SOW A GIVEN AMOUNT 

OF GROUND. 



Quantity 
per acre. 

Artichoke, 1 ot. to 500 plants >< lb. 

Asparagus, 1 oz. to 200 plants . . 5 lbs. 

Barley 2>6 bu. 

Beans, dwarf, 1 quart to 150 feet 

of drill IK " 

Beans, pole, 1 quart to 200 hills.. y " 
Beet, garden, 1 oz. to 100 feet of 

drill 10 

Beet, Mangel, 1 oz. to 150 feet of 

drill 6 

Brocoli, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants 5 

Broom Corn 10 

Brussels Sprouts, 1 oz. to 3,000 

plants 5 

Buckwheat y 

Cabbage, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants 5 oz 

Carrot, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. . 2% lbs 
Cauliflower. 1 oz. to 3,000 plants. 5 oz 
Celery, 1 oz. to 10,000 jriants. ... 4 
Clover, Alsike and White Dutch 6 
" Lucerne, Large Red and 

Crimson Trefoil 8 

" Medium 10 

Collards, 1 oz. to 2,500 plants. ... 6 
Corn, sweet, 1 quart to 500 hills . 8 
Cress, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill. . . 8 

Cucumber, 1 oz. to 80 hills 1% 

Egg Plant, 1 oz. to 2,000 plants . 8 
Endive, 1 cz. to 300 feet of drill. 3 

Flax, broad cast y 

Garlic, bulbs, 1 lb. to 10 feet of 

Drill 

Gourd, 1 oz. to 25 hills 2>£ 

Grass, Blue Kentucky 2 

Blue English 1 

*' Hungarian and Millet y 

" Mixed Lawn 3 

" Orchard. Perennial Rye, 
Red Top,Fowl Meadow 
and "Wood Meadow 2 



lbs. 



oz. 
lbs. 



bu. 



lbs. 



oz. 

qts. 
lbs. 

oz. 

lbs. 
bu. 



bu. 



Quantity 

per acre. 

Hemp y bu. 

Kale, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants 4 oz. 

KohlRabi, 1 oz. to 200 feet of 

\y> lbs. 

Leek, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill 4 " 

Lettuce, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. 3 " 
Martynia, 1 oz. to 50 feet of drill 10 " 
Melon, Musk, 1 pz. to 100 hills. . . 1% " 
Melon, Water, 1 oz. to 25 hills. . . \% " 
Nasturtium, 1 oz. to 50 feet of 

drill 10 " 

Oats 2}£ bu. 

Okra, 1 oz. to 50 feet of drill 10 lbs. 

Onion Seed, 1 oz, to 200 feet of 

drill 5 " 

" forSets SO " 

Onion Sets, 1 quart to 20 feet of 

drill 8 bu. 

Parsnip, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. 5 lbs. 
Parsley, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. 8 ** 
Peas, garden, 1 quart to 150 feet 

of drill \y bu. 

" field 2>j " 

p^r. r er, 1 oz. to 1,500 plants 4 oz. 

Potatoes 8 bu. 

Pumpkin, 1 quart to 300 hills 4 qts. 

Kadish, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill. . 8 lbs. 

Rye \y bu. 

Salsify, 1 oz. to 60 feet of drill. . . 8 lbs. 
Spinage, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill.10 " 
Summer Savory, 1 oz. to 500 feet 

ot'drill 2 " 

Squash, summer, 1 oz. to 40 hills 2 " 
" winter, 1 oz. to 10 hills. . 3 " 

Tomato, 1 oz. to 3,(HM) plants 3 oz. 

Tobacco, 1 oz. to 5,000 plants 2 " 

Turnip, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. . iy lbs. 

Vetches „ 2 bu. 

Wheat lto2" 



Velocity and Force of the Wind. 



Description. 



Hardly perceptible 

Just perceptible -j 

Gentle Breeze < 

Pleasant Breeze \ 

Brisk Gale | 

High Wind | 

Very high Wind -j 

Storm 

Great Storm < 

Hurricane •! 



Miles 

per 

Hour. 


Feet per 


Feet per 


Force in lbs. 


minute. 


second, 


per sq. foot. 


1 


8S 


1.47 


.005 


2 


176 


2.93 


.020 


3 


264 


4.4 


.044 


4 


352 


5.87 


.079 


5 


440 


7.33 


.123 


10 


880 


14.67 ' 


.492 


23 


1320 


22 


1.107 


20 


1760 


29.3 


1.963 


25 


2200 


36.6 


3.075 


30 


2640 . 


44. 


4.42S 


35 


30SO 


51.3 


6. 027 


40 


3520 


5S.6 


7.872 


45 


3960 


66. 


9.963 


50 


4400 


73.3 


12.300 


60 


5280 


88. 


17.712 


70 


6160 


102.7 


24.108 


80 


7040 


117.3 


31.48S 


100 


8800 


146 6 


49.200 



137 



Headquarters for Agricultural Implements, 







Clinton SMler, 





Bnrrall Seller. 



Wagon M, 



Champion Barrows, Canal Barrows. 



Garden Barrows, 





Copper strip Feed Cntters. Lever Feel Gutters. Family Cider Bin. Union Cider Mill. 




Store Ms. 




Feed Box. 





Corn Mill, 



CnlMiors. 



Presses. 




Apex Harrow 




Lawn rollers. 




Road Scrapers. Press Screw 



We have the finest and best illustrated Agricultural Implement Catalogue in this country 
Which we furnish to dealers only, on apolication. We sell our goods which are second to 
none, at the very lowest market price. Address 

METROPOLITAN AGRICULTURAL WORKS, 
H. B. GRIFF I NG, 70 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Common Names of Chemicai Substances. 

Common Naxe.s. Chemical Names. 

Aqua Fortis Nitric Acid. 

Aqua Regia Nitro-Muriatic Acid. 

Blue Vitriol Sulphate of Copper. 

Cream of Tartar " Biturtrafce Potassium. 

Calomel Ch.oride of Mercury. 

Chalk .• Carbonate Calcium. 

.Salt of T-rtar Carbonate of Potassa. 

Caustic Potassa Hydrate Potassium. 

Chloroform Chloride of Gormyle. 

Common Sa.t Chloride of Sodium. 

Copperas, or Green Vitriol Sulphate of Iron. 

Corrosive Sublimate Bi-Chloride of Mercury. 

Diamond Pure Carbon. 

Dry Alum Sulphate Alluminum and Potassium. 

Epsom Salts Sulphate of Magnesia. 

Ethiops Mineral Black Sulphide of Mercury. 

Fire Damp Light Carburetted Hydrogen. 

Galena. Sulphide of Lead. 

Glauber's Salt Sulphate of Sodium. 

Glucose Grape Sugar. 

Goulard Water Basic Acetate of Lead. 

Iron Pyrites. Bi-Sulphide of Iron. 

Jeweler's Putty Oxide of Tin. 

King's Yellow Sulphide of Arsenic. 

Laughing Gas Protoxide of Nitrogen. 

Lime Oxide of Calcium. 

Lunar Caustic Nitrate of Silver. 

Mosaic Gold Bi-Sulphide of Tin. 

Muriate of Lime Chloride cf Calcium. 

Nitre of Saltj)etre Nitrate of Potash. 

Oil of Vitriol Sulphuric Acid. 

Potash Oxide of Potassium. 

Realgar Sulphide of Arsenic. 

Bed Lead.; Oxicle of Lead. 

Rust of Iron Oxide of Iron. 

Salmoniac Muriate of Ammonia. 

Slacked Lime Hydrate Calcium. 

Soda Oxide of Sodium. 

Spirits of Hartshorn Ammonia. 

Spirit of Salt Hydro-Chloric or Muriatic Acid. 

Stucco, or Plaster of Paris Sulphate of Lime. 

Sugar of Lead Acetate of Lead. 

Verdigris Basic Acetate of Copper. 

Vermillion Sulphide of Mercury. 

Vinegar Acetic Acid (Diluted). 

Volatile Alkali Ammonia. 

Water Oxide of Hydrogen 

White Precipitate Ammoniated Mercury. 

White Vitriol Sulphate of Zinc. 

To Obtain the Weight of Grindstones. 

Rule : Square the diameter (in inches), multiply by thick- 
ness (in inches), then multiply by decimal .06363. 

Example : Find the weight of a stone 4 feet 6 inches diam- 
eter and 7 inches thick. 

4 ft. 6 in. =54 inch ; square of 54=2916 ; multiplied by 7= 
20412; multiplied by .06363=Ans., 1298.815 lbs., which is 
weight of stone. All Grindstones weighing less than 200 lbs. 
are sold at " cut- weight." This is the actual weight over the 
scales as they come from the lathe (less a fair amount for moist- 
ure), and is cut into each stone. All Grindstones weighing 
over 200 pounds are sold by measurement- weight only, rule for 
which is give n. 

139 




Udell's 
Excelsior Ladder. 




Pole Ladder. 




New Folding Work Table. 

WM. A. STOKES & CO., 

UDELL WOODEN WAEE WORKS, 

79 Reade Street, New York, U. S. A. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

HOUSE - FURNISHING WOODEN WARE. 

Send for Descriptive Catalogue. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Rails, Splices and Bolts Required for One Mile of 

Track, 

Tons of Rails. 

Rule—To find the number of tons (of 2,240 lbs.) of Rail to the mile, divide 
the weight per yard by T, and multiply it h y 11, thus: for 56 lb. rail divide 
56 by 7, equal 8, multiplied by 11, equal SStons, for one mile of single track. 



Weight or Rail, 
per yard. 


Tons per Mile. 


Weight of Rail, 
per yard. 


Tons 


per Mile. 


12 pounds. 


12 tons 920 pounds. 


45 pounds. 


70 ton 


Bl600p'nds. 


14 '« 


22 " 


48 " 


75 " 


960 •■ 


16 " 


25 " 320 " 


50 " 


78 " 


12S0 " 


18 " 


2S " 640 " 


52 " 


SI " 


1600 " 


20 " 


31 " 960 " 


56 " 


88 " 




22 " 


34 " 12S0 " 


57 " 


89 " 


12S0 " 


25 " 


39 " 640 '« 


60 " 


94 ■« 


640 " 


26 " 


40 " 1920 " 


62 " 


37 " 


960 " 


27 «« 


42 " 960 " 


64 " 


100 " 


12S0 " 


28 " 


44 " 


65 •* 


102 " 


320 «« 


30 " 


47 " 320 " 


68 « 


106 " 


1920 " 


33 " 


51 " 1920 " 


70 « 


110 " 




35 " 


55 " 


72 M 


113 " 


320 " 


40 " 


62 " 1920 Ci 


76 " 


119 " 


960 " 



Npimber of Rails, Chairs, Joints, Splices and Bolts, 



Length of Rail. 


No. of Rails, 
Chairs or Joints. 


No. of Splices. 


No. of Bolts. 


18 


584 


1,168 


2,336 


20 


528 


1,056 


2,112 


21 


503 


1,'06 


2,012 


22 


480 


960 


1,920 


24 


440 


SSO 


1,760 


25 


422 


S14 


1,686 


26 


406 


812 


1,624 


27 


391 


7S2 


1,564 


28 


377 


754 


1,508 


30 


352 


704 


1,408 



No allowance made for side track in above tables. 



Number of Cross Ties for each Mile of Track, 



Centre to Centre. No. of Ties. 

1V 2 feet 3,520 

1% " 3,017 

2 " 2,640 

2^ " 2,348 



Centre to Centre. No. of Ties 

2^feet 2.113 

2% " 1,921 

3 " 1,761 



Capacity of a Freight Car. 

A load is nominally 10 tons of 20,000 lbs. The following can be carried : 
Whiskey, 60 bbls.; salt, 70 bbla.; lime, TO bbls.; flour, 90 bbls.; eggs, 130 to 
160 bbls.; flour 200 sacks; wood, 6 cords; cattle, 18 to 20 head; hogs, 50 to 
60; sheep, 80 to 100; lumber, 6,000 feet; barley, 300 bushels,>heat, 340 bush- 
el «; flax seed, 360 bushels; apples, 370 bushels; core, 400 bushels; potat/>es, 
430 bushels; oats, 680 bushels; bran, 1,000 bushels; butter, 20,000 lbs. 



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HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



SOME THINGS THAT ARE MISNAMED. 

The misapplication of a name in speakingof the common things of life is a source 
of many errors, especially in the young. The reason why things are not rightly 
named in all cases is not because of any deficiency of our language, but because the 
names of most common substances were given long years ago, and very often be- 
fore the true nature of the articles were understood. The " Journal of Applied 
Science " has this to say upon the subject : 

Why should trade not have a Johnson to classify and correct the mass of incon- 
sistencies that go to make up its nomenclature ? We not only tax our brains to in- 
vent " fantastic " names for every new fabric, varied, perhaps, only by a thread or a 
shade from what our grandparents wore a century ago, but there are in use positive 
misnomers for many staple articles of merchandise. The following imperfect list, 
culled from sources already at hand, will give a faint idea of them : 

Acid (sour), applied in chemistry to a class of bodies to which sourness is only 
accidental, and by no means a universal characteristic Thus rock crystals, quartz, 
flint, etc., are chemical acids, though no particle of acidity belongs to them. 

Black lead does not contain a single particle of lead, being composed of carbon 
and iron. 

Brazilian grass does not come from Brazil, or even grow there ; nor is it grass at 
all. It consists of a palm leaf (Thrinax argentea), and is imported chiefly from 
Cuba. 

Burgundy pitch is not pitch, nor is it manufactured in or exported from Bur- 
gundy. The best is a resiaous substance prepared from common frankincense, and 
brought from Hamburg ; but by far the greater quantity is a mixture of rosin and 
palm oil. 

China, as a name for porcelain, give, rise to the contradictory expressions- 
British china, Dutch china, Chelsea china, etc., like wooden milestones, iron mile- 
stones, brass shoe-horns, iron pens, steel pens. 

Cuttle bone is not bone at all. but a structure of pure chalk, once embedded 
loosely in the substance of certain species of cuttle fish. It is enclosed in a mem- 
braneous sac within the body of the fi3h. and drops out when the sac is opened, 
but it has no connection whatever with the sac of the cuttle fish. 

Galvanized iron is not galvanized. It is simply iron coated with zinc ; and this 
is done by dipping it in a zinc bath containing muriatic acid. 

German silver i3 not silver at all, nor was the metallic alloy called by that name 
invented by a German, bat has been in use in China time out of mind. 

Honey soap contains no honey, nor is honey in any way employed in its manufac- 
ture. It is a mixture of palm oil, soap and olive-oil soap, each one part, with three 
parts of curd soap, or yellow soap scented. 

Japan lacquer contains no lac at all, but is made from the sap of a tree called 
Rhus vernicifera. 

Kid gloves are not usually made from kid skins, but of lamb or sheep skins. At 
present many of them are made of rat skins. 

Meerschaum is not petrified " sea foam," as its name implies, but is a composi- 
tion of silica, magnesia and water. 

Mosaic gold has no connection with Moses or the metal gold. It is an alloy of 
copper and zinc, used in the ancient riiuseum or tessellated work. 

Mother-of-pearl is the inner layer of several sorts of shells. It is not the mother 
of pearl, as its name indicates, but in some cases the matrix of the pearl. 

Pen means a feather (Latin penna, a wing). A steel pen is not a very choice ex- 
pression. 

Prussia blue does not come from Prussia, but is the precipitate of the salt of pro- 
toxide of iron with prussiate of potassa. 

Salad oil is not oil for salad, bat oil for cleaning sallades— i. e., helmets. 

Salt is not salt at all, and has long been excluded from the class of bodies denomi- 
nated " salts." 

Sealimr wax is not wax at all, nor does it contain a single particle of wax. 
It is made of 'shellac, Venice turpentine and cinnibar. Cinmbar gives it a deep, 
red color, and the turpentine renders the shellac soft and less brittle. 

Sperm oil prooerly ma ins " seed oil " (Latin, sperma, seed), from the notion that 
it was SDPrmaceti (the sperm or melt of a whale). The sperm whale is the whale that 
gives "seed oil," which is taken chiefly, but not wholly from the head. 

Wh\lebone is not bone at all, nor does it possess any of the properties of bone. It 
is a substance attached to the upper jaw of the whale, and serves to strain tne 
water which the creature take3 up in large mouthfuls. 

Rhinoceros horn is not horn at all, but a kind of matted or compact hair, and is 
only like a horn from being a protuberance on the animal s head. 



!« 




IMPROVED LABOR-SAVING 



Stanley's Patent Bit and Square Level. 

JUL 




The frame of this Level has three pairs of V slots on its back edges A thumb-screw 
secures the Level to the Bit ; and boring can be done with perfect accuracy as to perpendic- 
ular, horizontal, or angle of forty-five degrees, by observing the bubble-glass while turning 
the Bit. 

The frame can also be attached to a Carpenter's Square. Two shoulders rest on the top of 
the horizontal leg to the square, thus making it an accurate Spirit-Level; and the upright 
leg of the square will then indicate an exact Plumb-Line. 

No. 44. BIT AND SQUABE LEVEL, BRASS FRAME $0 30 



Stanley's Universal Hand Beader. 




For BEADING, REEDING or FLUTING, straight or irregular surfaces, and for all 
kinds of LIGHT ROUTERING, this tool is invaluable to woodworkers. 

Seven superior Steel Cutters go with each tool. Both end3 are sharpened, thus embracing 
six ordinary sizes of Beads, four sets of Reeds, two Fluters, and a double Router Iron {% 
and 3^-inch.) 

No. 66. IRON STOCK, WITH SEVEN STEEL CUTTERS SI 00 



Stanley's Adjust able C lapboard Marker. 




The sharp edges of the teeth on the marking blade are just parallel with the outer sur- 
faces of the legs wnen placed against the corner-board or window-casing ; and by moving 
the tool half an inch it will mark a full line across the clapboard, exactly over and conformed 
to the edge of the corner-board or casing. There is then no difficulty in sawing for a per- 
fectly close joint. 

No. 88. IRON STOCK, WITH WOOD HANDLE, STEE L BL1DE $0 50 

MANUFACTURED BY THE 

STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL CO , 

NEW BRITAIN, CONN, 

WAREROOMS, - - - - 29 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK. 



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